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. 2023 Mar 22:1–24. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10668-023-03122-2

Table 5.

Effect of transportation distance on carbon footprint

Transportation distance (km) Transportation GWP (kg CO2 eq) Total GWP (kg CO2 eq) Change ratio (%)
200 8.74E-03 2.53
500 2.18E-02 2.54  + 0.40
1000 4.37E-02 2.56  + 1.19
2000 8.74E-02 2.61  + 3.16
200 for all raw materials 1.46E-02 2.532  + 0.11