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. 2023 Mar 22:1–24. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s10668-023-03122-2

Table 6.

Effect of suggested formulations on carbon emission (total and breakdown), detergency and cost savings

Carbon emission (kg CO2 eq) Original formulation Suggested formulation 1 Suggested formulation 2 Suggested formulation 3
Production of concentrated complex enzyme detergent (total) 2.53 1.98 1.60 2.87
Electricity 1.71E-02 1.71E-02 1.71E-02 1.71E-02
Amylase 1.66E-02 1.66E-02 1.66E-02 1.66E-02
Cellulose 9.59E-03 9.59E-03 9.59E-03 9.59E-03
Propylene glycol 2.02E-01 2.02E-01 2.02E-01 2.12E-01
AES 6.16E-01 6.16E-01 6.16E-01 1.18E + 00
SDS 3.66E-01 3.66E-01 3.66E-01 6.84E-01
Citric acid 1.47E-01 1.47E-01 1.47E-01 1.47E-01
Gylcerol 1.10E + 00 5.56E-01 1.85E-01 5.56E-01
Glycerol transportation 8.74E-03 4.40E-03 1.47E-03 4.40E-03
HDPE 4.31E-02 4.31E-02 4.31E-02 4.31E-02
Soft water 0.00E + 00 2.02E-04 3.40E-04 0.00E + 00
Change ratio of carbon emissions(%)  − 21.7  − 36.7  + 13.44
Detergency 86.1 ± 5.2% 82.2 ± 7.1% 83.5 ± 5.1% N/A
Cost saving (%) 29.6% 49.6% N/A