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The major upstream regulatory pathways of mTORC1 and its main mechanisms for regulating lipophagy. PI3K/AKT activates downstream mTORC1 by directly phosphorylating or inhibiting TSC1/2, a potent mTOR inhibitor; AMPK can directly inhibit mTORC1 activity or inactivate mTORC1 in a TSC1/2-dependent manner. Subsequently, mTORC1 regulates lipophagic processes by regulating the ULK1 complex, DAP1, and P300-mediated acetylation.
