Table 1.

In vitro models of DCs.

DC culture		Culture conditions	Cell composition	Metabolic requirements for development	Limitations
Mouse (from bone marrow)	BMDCs	GM-CSF (+IL-4), 5-7 days	DC-like cells + GM-Macs	Glucose uptake, OXPHOS, and FAS;	At least two distinct populations
	FLT3L-DCs	FLT3L (+GM-CSF), 9 days	cDC1-like cells	Glucose uptake, FAO and mitochondrial metabolism; higher mitochondrial mass & Δψm than cDC2;	A mixture of cDC1, cDC2, and pDC;
			cDC2-like cells	Glucose uptake & ROS;
			pDC-like cells	Glucose uptake;
	iCD103-DCs	FLT3L + GM-CSF, 16 days	cDC1-like cells	Not reported	Less research
Human (from blood monocyte)	moDCs	GM-CSF + IL-4, 6-7 days	moDCs	Cytosolic FAS, mitochondrial metabolism, and OXPHOS;	moDCs originate from a different precursor (monocyte vs CDP)

CDP, common or conventional dendritic cell progenitor; GM-Macs, CD11c⁺MHC-II⁺ Macrophages; Δψm, mitochondrial membrane potential.