Fig. 12.
Potential signalling pathway of IL-1α and HMGB1 in promoting CRC cell progression. Poly(I:C) induces ER stress and RIPK1 activation, promoting the secretion of IL-1α while HMGB1 was independent of ER stress. Upon secretion, these DAMPs contribute to CRC progression by upregulating the expression/secretion of pro-metastatic mediators/chemokines and enhances pro-tumourigenic properties of CRC cells