Table 3.
Results of adjusted logistic regression analysis of the association between sociodemographic characteristics and adolescent pregnancy, 1988–2019
| Survey years | 1988–1998 | 2003–2008 | 2011–2019 | Overall sample (1988–2019) |
| Population analysed (unweighted) | 2541 | 3350 | 8665 | 14 556 |
| Number currently pregnant (unweighted) | 96 | 117 | 282 | 495 |
| Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | |
| Age | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | P<0.001 | P<0.001 |
| 15–17 | 0.40 (0.24 to 0.66) | 0.39 (0.24 to 0.64) | 0.22 (0.15 to 0.33) | 0.30 (0.23 to 0.39) |
| 18–19 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Place of residence | P=0.23 | P=0.72 | P=0.002 | P<0.001 |
| Urban | 0.74 (0.45 to 1.22) | 0.86 (0.40 to 1.89) | 0.54 (0.36 to 0.81) | 0.56 (0.43 to 0.74) |
| Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Sex of household head | P=0.23 | P=0.06 | P=0.60 | P=0.42 |
| Male | 1.61 (0.73 to 3.54) | 0.61 (0.36 to 1.02) | 0.91 (0.63 to 1.31) | 0.89 (0.66 to 1.19) |
| Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Number of household members | P=0.001 | P=0.02 | P=0.19 | P<0.001 |
| ≤4 members | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| >4 members | 0.46 (0.29 to 0.73) | 0.58 (0.37 to 0.91) | 0.78 (0.54 to 1.13) | 0.62 (0.49 to 0.78) |
| Mother still alive | P=0.07 | P=0.48 | P=0.94 | |
| Yes | 0.30 (0.08 to 1.09) | – | 0.58 (0.13 to 2.58) | 0.94 (0.24 to 3.77) |
| No | 1.00 | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Father still alive | P=0.85 | P=0.86 | P=0.99 | P=0.84 |
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 1.12 (0.36 to 3.44) | 1.13 (0.30 to 4.21) | 1.00 (0.40 to 2.51) | 1.08 (0.52 to 2.24) |
| Literacy level | P=0.001* | P<0.001* | P<0.001* | P<0.001* |
| Illiterate | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Semi-literate | 0.55 (0.20 to 1.50) | 0.42 (0.22 to 0.81) | 0.66 (0.39 to 1.13) | 0.56 (0.39 to 0.82) |
| Literate | 0.40 (0.23 to 0.69) | 0.27 (0.16 to 0.45) | 0.27 (0.17 to 0.42) | 0.28 (0.21 to 0.37) |
| Employment | P=0.05 | P=0.29 | P=0.12 | P=0.01 |
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| No | 0.61 (0.37 to 1.01) | 0.73 (0.41 to 1.31) | 0.59 (0.30 to 1.15) | 0.62 (0.43 to 0.90) |
| Household income | P=0.56 | P<0.001* | P=0.27 | P=0.03* |
| Low income | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Middle income | 0.67 (0.32 to 1.39) | 0.65 (0.39 to 1.09) | 1.09 (0.70 to 1.69) | 0.91 (0.67 to 1.24) |
| High income | 0.88 (0.45 to 1.74) | 0.30 (0.15 to 0.58) | 0.63 (0.32 to 1.26) | 0.59 (0.36 to 0.94) |
| Frequency of media exposure | P=0.82 | P=0.23 | P=0.51 | |
| Not at all | – | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Less than once a week | – | 1.40 (0.45 to 4.37) | 1.29 (0.62 to 2.69) | 1.25 (0.68 to 2.32) |
| At least once a week | – | 1.04 (0.49 to 2.20) | 1.70 (0.91 to 3.18) | 1.34 (0.82 to 2.20) |
*Test for linear trend