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. 2023 Mar 17;13(3):e064540. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064540

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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The distribution of CKD death cases and rates in age groups, SDI areas and 21 geographic regions from 1990 to 2019. (A) Death cases in age groups in global and SDI areas from 1990 to 2019. (B) The change percentage of death cases (right) and rate (left) in age groups from 1990 to 2019. (C) Six age groups as percentages of total deaths in global, SDI areas and 21 geographic regions in 1990 and 2019. (D) Gender composition of death in global and SDI areas in 2019. CKD, chronic kidney disease; SDI, sociodemographic index.