Table 1.
Death cases and ASDRs of chronic kidney disease in 1990 and 2019, and the temporal trends from 1990 to 2019
| Characteristics | 1990 | 2019 | 1990–2019 | ||
| Death cases (×103) (95% UI) | ASDR per 100 000 population (95% UI) | Death cases (×103) (95% UI) | ASDR per 100 000 population (95% UI) | EAPC of ASDR (95% CI) | |
| Global | 601.31 (567.6–633.79) | 16.14 (15.13–17.13) | 1427.23 (1313.73–1524.55) | 18.29 (16.72–19.55) | 0.55 (0.46 to 0.64) |
| Gender | |||||
| Males | 313.94 (293.38–338.57) | 19.55 (18.19–21.18) | 741.38 (685.84–801.7) | 21.59 (19.93–23.27) | 0.55 (0.46 to 0.64) |
| Females | 287.37 (268.8–305.44) | 13.89 (12.91–14.79) | 685.85 (614.92–741.57) | 15.8 (14.17–17.09) | 0.55 (0.46 to 0.64) |
| SDI regions | |||||
| Low | 62.02 (55.89–68.54) | 27.21 (24.08–30.65) | 125.07 (112.78–137.96) | 25.28 (22.9–27.68) | −0.27 (−0.31 to -0.22) |
| Low-middle | 126.51 (114.96–138.84) | 21.9 (19.73–24.25) | 293.49 (265.9–320.13) | 22.95 (20.77–25.04) | 0.14 (0.01 to 0.26) |
| Middle | 196.59 (183.72–209.89) | 21.01 (19.54–22.84) | 506.13 (464.49–547.47) | 22.8 (20.79–24.75) | 0.43 (0.36 to 0.5) |
| High-middle | 116.33 (109.59–124.18) | 12.25 (11.42–13.2) | 227.99 (207.02–244.66) | 11.78 (10.65–12.65) | −0.08 (−0.22 to 0.06) |
| High | 99.47 (92.56–103.08) | 9.61 (8.92–9.98) | 273.59 (236.92–294.76) | 12.58 (11.09–13.47) | 1.21 (1.09 to 1.32) |
| 21 GBD regions | |||||
| Central Asia | 5.04 (4.73–5.75) | 10.01 (9.33–11.63) | 10.38 (9.43–11.49) | 14.75 (13.48–16.17) | 1.11 (0.73 to 1.49) |
| Central Europe | 13.14 (12.7–13.56) | 9.62 (9.22–9.93) | 18.76 (16.33–21.22) | 8.61 (7.5–9.74) | −0.23 (−0.36 to −0.11) |
| Eastern Europe | 11.06 (10.74–11.35) | 4.41 (4.25–4.53) | 15.93 (14.23–17.56) | 4.85 (4.34–5.34) | −0.16 (−0.42 to 0.09) |
| Australasia | 2.02 (1.85–2.14) | 9.27 (8.39–9.87) | 6.12 (5.14–6.85) | 10.77 (9.17–12) | 0.7 (0.62 to 0.78) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 22.94 (21.27–23.86) | 13.12 (12.01–13.73) | 54.14 (42.82–60.58) | 9.13 (7.54–10.06) | −1.35 (−1.43 to −1.28) |
| High-income North America | 35.75 (32.89–37.2) | 9.79 (9.03–10.18) | 114.46 (102.38–122.48) | 16.88 (15.26–17.98) | 2.26 (2.07 to 2.45) |
| Southern Latin America | 8.99 (8.51–9.42) | 20.79 (19.61–21.83) | 21.69 (19.81–23.33) | 25.45 (23.27–27.34) | 0.72 (0.43 to 1.02) |
| Western Europe | 49.78 (46.2–51.89) | 8.49 (7.86–8.87) | 116.66 (99.12–126.16) | 9.97 (8.58–10.73) | 0.98 (0.86 to 1.1) |
| Andean Latin America | 5.24 (4.78–5.74) | 25.51 (23.13–28.1) | 19.38 (16.14–22.96) | 35.68 (29.73–42.21) | 1.37 (1.07 to 1.67) |
| Caribbean | 4.79 (4.47–5.28) | 18.59 (17.28–20.52) | 12.66 (10.85–14.78) | 24.58 (21.08–28.71) | 1.44 (1.31 to 1.58) |
| Central Latin America | 20.7 (19.77–21.36) | 25.77 (24.22–26.76) | 111.71 (98.57–125.86) | 48.11 (42.52–54.16) | 2.42 (2.09 to 2.74) |
| Tropical Latin America | 16.59 (15.87–17.14) | 19.36 (18.16–20.14) | 44.22 (40.46–46.73) | 18.96 (17.25–20.06) | 0.01 (−0.06 to 0.09) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 52.6 (47.64–61.84) | 34.74 (30.67–44.08) | 111.81 (96.42–130.85) | 30.37 (26.34–35.39) | −0.43 (−0.51 to −0.34) |
| South Asia | 117.5 (100.02–134.35) | 22.21 (18.57–25.75) | 285.34 (248.21–324.6) | 21.56 (18.82–24.36) | −0.3 (−0.51 to −0.08) |
| East Asia | 104.32 (92.79–116.88) | 13.28 (11.9–14.75) | 209.29 (179.98–237.7) | 11.55 (9.99–13.05) | −0.21 (−0.32 to −0.1) |
| Oceania | 0.62 (0.53–0.72) | 20.82 (18.22–23.98) | 1.6 (1.32–1.93) | 23.8 (20.26–27.96) | 0.31 (0.12 to 0.49) |
| Southeast Asia | 68.7 (63.3–74.86) | 27.38 (24.96–30.14) | 153.37 (137.32–169.64) | 27.79 (24.63–30.68) | 0.06 (0 to 0.12) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 6.45 (5.47–7.54) | 30.32 (25.81–34.98) | 12.36 (9.7–15.19) | 25.87 (19.78–31.73) | −0.64 (−0.68 to −0.61) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 21.64 (19.01–24.17) | 29.43 (25.56–33.33) | 38.6 (34.23–43.26) | 26.24 (23.43–29.23) | −0.5 (−0.55 to −0.46) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 6.18 (5.58–7.05) | 23.04 (20.68–26.41) | 16.27 (14.95–17.65) | 32.44 (29.77–35.1) | 1.31 (0.95 to 1.66) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 27.27 (23.36–32.18) | 31.88 (27.56–37.76) | 52.47 (44.11–61.28) | 29.35 (25.21–33.71) | −0.21 (−0.25 to −0.17) |
ASDR, age-standardised death rate; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; GBD, Global Burden of Disease; SDI, sociodemographic index; UI, uncertainty interval.