Table 4.

Factors associated with positive responses in each dimension

Dimension		Professional role						Duration in the hospital			Average work hours per week
		Management	Nurses and midwives	Physicians	Technologists	Hospital aides	Others	<1 year	1–10 years	>10 years	<40 hours	40–60 hours	>60 hours
Teamwork within units	OR (95% CI)	*	0.55 (0.26, 1.14)	1.05 (0.44, 2.5)	1.18 (0.51, 2.71)	2.37 (0.96, 5.84)	2.15 (0.81, 5.7)	*	1.49 (0.96, 2.31)	1.63 (0.9, 2.92)	*	2.89 (1.72, 4.85)	1.28 (0.72, 2.28)
	P value		0.106	0.911	0.7	0.062	0.124		0.079	0.104		<0.001	0.397
Supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety	OR (95% CI)		1.39 (0.77, 2.51)	1.23 (0.6, 2.51)	1.5 (0.77, 2.94)	1.45 (0.78, 2.7)	1.44 (0.73, 2.82)		0.44 (0.25, 0.8)	0.64 (0.33, 1.26)		1.52 (0.86, 2.69)	1.16 (0.61, 2.22)
	P value		0.271	0.578	0.233	0.237	0.293		0.007	0.196		0.152	0.657
Organisational learning–continuous improvement	OR (95% CI)		0.86 (0.53, 1.4)	0.65 (0.38, 1.13)	1.29 (0.75, 2.22)	2.48 (1.4, 4.38)	1.17 (0.67, 2.03)		1.03 (0.73, 1.45)	1.38 (0.9, 2.1)		2.15 (1.45, 3.18)	1.57 (1, 2.46)
	P value		0.552	0.129	0.362	0.002	0.58		0.868	0.136		<0.001	0.051
Management support for patient safety	OR (95% CI)		0.85 (0.53, 1.37)	0.65 (0.38, 1.11)	1.25 (0.73, 2.12)	1.9 (1.11, 3.26)	1.48 (0.84, 2.59)		1.05 (0.75, 1.46)	1.21 (0.81, 1.82)		2.21 (1.5, 3.25)	1.35 (0.87, 2.09)
	P value		0.517	0.113	0.418	0.019	0.174		0.794	0.357		<0.001	0.1728
Overall perceptions of patient safety	OR (95% CI)		1.5 (0.77, 2.92)	0.55 (0.27, 1.12)	2.31 (1.01, 5.28)	1.34 (0.67, 2.67)	0.94 (0.46, 1.9)		0.6 (0.34, 1.05)	1.02 (0.52, 2)		1.24 (0.66, 2.35)	0.85 (0.42, 1.69)
	P value		0.232	0.101	0.048	0.411	0.855		0.074	0.956		0.504	0.634
Feedback and communication about error	OR (95% CI)		0.55 (0.27, 1.09)	0.65 (0.29, 1.43)	0.79 (0.37, 1.68)	0.84 (0.4, 1.74)	0.88 (0.4, 1.93)		1.32 (0.9, 1.95)	1.52 (0.93, 2.48)		1.72 (1.06, 2.81)	1.24 (0.7, 2.17)
	P value		0.087	0.282	0.539	0.633	0.752		0.161	0.092		0.029	0.46
Communication openness	OR (95% CI)		0.87 (0.57, 1.34)	0.79 (0.48, 1.31)	0.78 (0.49, 1.23)	0.93 (0.59, 1.44)	0.85 (0.53, 1.37)		0.92 (0.68, 1.24)	0.92 (0.65, 1.29)		1.43 (0.99, 2.08)	1.02 (0.67, 1.55)
	P value		0.539	0.362	0.29	0.731	0.515		0.57	0.621		0.056	0.921
Frequency of events reported	OR (95% CI)		1.17 (0.8, 1.72)	1.14 (0.71, 1.81)	1.13 (0.75, 1.72)	0.88 (0.6, 1.3)	1.02 (0.67, 1.55)		1.14 (0.88, 1.49)	1.31 (0.96, 1.8)		1.3 (0.91, 1.85)	1.08 (0.72, 1.62)
	P value		0.412	0.591	0.557	0.524	0.937		0.327	0.09		0.146	0.711
Teamwork across units	OR (95% CI)		0.64 (0.33, 1.26)	0.24 (0.12, 0.48)	0.93 (0.44, 1.97)	1.4 (0.66, 2.98)	0.87 (0.41, 1.86)		0.48 (0.27, 0.84)	0.4 (0.22, 0.74)		1.41 (0.83, 2.4)	1.27 (0.7, 2.32)
	P value		0.201	<0.001	0.841	0.384	0.723		0.01	0.004		0.207	0.428
Staffing	OR (95% CI)		0.83 (0.55, 1.27)	0.4 (0.25, 0.65)	0.74 (0.47, 1.16)	1.0095 (0.6489, 1.5704)			0.75 (0.56, 1)	1.18 (0.83, 1.67)		1.04 (0.71, 1.52)	0.7 (0.46, 1.07)
	P value		0.399	<0.001	0.189	0.967	0.179		0.051	0.363		0.843	0.103
Handoffs and transitions	OR (95% CI)		0.84 (0.58, 1.22)	0.64 (0.41, 0.99)	0.87 (0.58, 1.3)	1.17 (0.79, 1.73)	1.76 (1.13, 2.74)		0.76 (0.58, 1.01)	0.68 (0.49, 0.93)		1.25 (0.88, 1.77)	1.29 (0.86, 1.92)
	P value		0.359	0.043	0.506	0.426	0.013		0.062	0.018		0.205	0.213
Non-punitive response to error	OR (95% CI)		0.68 (0.49, 0.94)	0.78 (0.53, 1.16)	0.75 (0.53, 1.07)	0.66 (0.47, 0.92)	0.74 (0.52, 1.05)		0.86 (0.68, 1.09)	0.85 (0.65, 1.12)		0.66 (0.48, 0.9)	0.71 (0.5, 1.01)
	P value		0.018	0.221	0.111	0.014	0.094		0.213	0.253		0.008	0.055

Bolded p-values indicates statistically significant findings (P<0.05).

*Reference category.