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. 2023 Mar 7;26(4):106346. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106346

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Periodontitis salivary microbiota stimulates the tryptophan-kynurenine-AhR axis in the liver

(A) Heatmap of the top 50 differential metabolites in VIP-value between P_HFD and HFD groups.

(B) KEGG pathway analysis of the top 20 enriched metabolic pathways in the P_HFD and HFD groups.

(C–E) Relative concentrations of L-kynurenine, L-tryptophan, and the Kyn/Trp ratio in liver tissues.

(F) Spearman’s correlation analysis between Kyn/Trp and liver TG, TC, serum ALT, AST.

(G–K) Relative mRNA levels of TLR4, IL-1β, TNF-α, IDO1, and AhR.

(L) IHC staining of AhR in liver tissues. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001. AhR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; HFD, high-fat diet; IDO1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1; IHC, immunohistochemical; IL, interleukin; Kyn/Trp, ratio of L-kynurenine to L-tryptophan; P_HFD, high-fat diet + periodontitis salivary microbiota; TC, total cholesterol; TG, total triglyceride; TLR, toll-like receptor; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; VIP, variable importance for the projection.