Figure 2.
Stimulation of immune responses by MVP. (A) Schematic view of mRNA/protamine core, mRNA-free vehicle, and complete MVP. (B–D) Maturation of BMDCs after treated with OVA-MVP for 24 h. (E and F) MHC I expression and OVA257–264 antigen epitope-MHC I complex in BMDCs after treated with OVA-MVP for 24 h. (G) Level of IL-2 from treated BMDCs co-incubated with B3Z or OT-I T cells. (H and I) Flow cytometry analysis of proliferative T cells. Representative chromatograms of T cells are shown. (J) DC maturation after MVP treatment in vivo. C57BL/6J mice were treated with OVA-MVP, and DCs in popliteal lymph nodes were analyzed. (K and L) T cell population analysis. C57BL/6J mice were treated with vehicle or OVA-MVP, and T cells in popliteal lymph nodes were analyzed with flow cytometry. (M) ELISpot assay. C57BL/6J mice were treated with OVA-MVP, and lymph nodes were collected at the indicated time points. Isolated cells were applied for measurement of IFN-γ-expressing cells. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3). ∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.01; ∗∗∗P < 0.005; ∗∗∗∗P < 0.001; ns, not significant.