Table 2. Results of Ordinary Least-Squares Regression Models Testing for Associations Between Parent-Adolescent Relationship Characteristics and Adult General Health, Mental Health, and Romantic Relationship Quality.
| Variable | β (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-rated health score (range, 1-5)a | Depression score (range, 0-15)a | Stress score (range, 0-16)a | Optimism score (range, 4-20)a | Romantic relationship quality score (range, 1-5)a | |
| Mother-adolescent relationship (range, 1-5)b | |||||
| Warmth | 0.11 (0.06 to 0.15)c | −0.33 (−0.46 to −0.21)c | −0.48 (−0.61 to −0.35)c | 0.41 (0.28 to 0.55)c | 0.15 (0.11 to 0.19)c |
| Communication | 0.02 (0.00 to 0.04)c | −0.00 (−0.05 to 0.04) | −0.07 (−0.12 to −0.02)c | 0.14 (0.10 to 0.18)c | 0.02 (0.00 to 0.04)c |
| Time together | 0.07 (0.05 to 0.09)c | −0.07 (−0.13 to −0.02)c | −0.18 (−0.25 to −0.11)c | 0.19 (0.13 to 0.26)c | 0.04 (0.02 to 0.06)c |
| Academic expectations | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.08)c | −0.14 (−0.22 to −0.06)c | −0.16 (−0.26 to −0.06)c | 0.20 (0.13 to 0.27)c | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.08)c |
| Relationship or communication satisfaction | 0.07 (0.04 to 0.10)c | −0.22 (−0.31 to −0.14)c | −0.32 (−0.41 to −0.24)c | 0.20 (0.12 to 0.28)c | 0.09 (0.06 to 0.11)c |
| Inductive discipline | 0.03 (0.01 to 0.05)c | −0.12 (−0.19 to −0.04)c | −0.19 (−0.27 to −0.10)c | 0.14 (0.06 to 0.21)c | 0.07 (0.04 to 0.09)c |
| Father-adolescent relationship (range, 1-5)b | |||||
| Warmth | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.11)c | −0.28 (−0.37 to −0.18)c | −0.38 (−0.49 to −0.26)c | 0.24 (0.15 to 0.34)c | 0.11 (0.08 to 0.14)c |
| Communication | 0.03 (0.01 to 0.05)c | −0.01 (−0.07 to 0.05) | −0.08 (−0.15 to −0.01)c | 0.11 (0.06 to 0.16)c | 0.02 (0.00 to 0.04)c |
| Time together | 0.06 (0.03 to 0.08)c | −0.10 (−0.16 to −0.03)c | −0.17 (−0.25 to −0.09)c | 0.19 (0.13 to 0.26)c | 0.04 (0.02 to 0.06)c |
| Academic expectations | 0.04 (0.01 to 0.06)c | −0.10 (−0.19 to −0.01) | −0.18 (−0.28 to −0.07)c | 0.20 (0.13 to 0.28)c | 0.07 (0.04 to 0.10)c |
| Relationship or communication satisfaction | 0.07 (0.04 to 0.10)c | −0.21 (−0.29 to −0.13)c | −0.31 (−0.40 to −0.22)c | 0.18 (0.12 to 0.25)c | 0.08 (0.06 to 0.11)c |
a
Scores are explained in the Health Behavior and Outcome Measures subsection of the Methods section.
b
Scores are explained in the Parent-Adolescent Relationship Measures subsection of the Methods section.
c
Statistically significant at the P = .05 level after correcting for multiple tests using the Holm-Bonferroni method. Coefficients (β) are the estimated mean change in the outcome for every 1-unit increase in the variable, holding covariates constant. All analyses controlled for adolescent sex, age, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, family structure, and history of child maltreatment.