Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Mar 22;10(3):221503. doi: 10.1098/rsos.221503

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2023 The Authors.

Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 2. — (a,b) Type I error increased exponentially with population stratification in both sample sizes. (a) 100 samples. (b) 1000 samples. Each figure represents 3 200 000 SNPs pooled from 16 000 replicate simulations. (c,d) A large sample size eliminated Type II error. (c) 100 samples. (d) 1000 samples. Each figure represents the associated SNP from 16 000 replicates. Allele frequency was set to the mean value of 0.5 in (a) and (b). λ_S was set to the mean value of 0.04 in (c).