Table 1.
Overall Characteristics of Study Population (N = 219).
| Variable | Count (percentage) or Mean ± SD |
|---|---|
| Sex | |
| Male | 86 (39.3%) |
| Female | 133 (60.7%) |
| Age (years) | 51.1 ± 18.0 |
| Race | |
| White | 159 (72.6%) |
| Black | 46 (21.0%) |
| Asian | 8 (3.7%) |
| Other | 6 (2.7%) |
| Body mass index | 27.4 + 6.0 |
| Tobacco | |
| Ever used | 82 (37.4%) |
| Currently use | 21 (9.6%) |
| Ever exposed to second-hand smoke | 113 (51.6%) |
| Currently exposed to second-hand smoke | 12 (5.5%) |
| Alcohol | |
| Current use | 137 (62.6%) |
| Former use | 17 (7.8%) |
| Comorbidities, risk factors | |
| Vertigo/dizziness | 19 (8.7%) |
| Tinnitus | 24 (11%) |
| Head injury | 22 (10%) |
| Ear ache | 16 (7.3%) |
| Thyroid issues | 25 (11.4%) |
| Heart disease | 21 (9.6%) |
| Stroke | 3 (1.3%) |
| Kidney issues | 12 (5.5%) |
| Arthritis | 45 (20.5%) |
| Diabetes | 21 (9.6%) |
| Hypertension | 60 (27.4%) |
| Memory deficits | 5 (2.3%) |
| Cancer | 24 (11.0%) |
| Depression | 36 (16.4%) |
| Apnea | 21 (9.6%) |
| Allergic rhinitis | 65 (29.7%) |
| Asthma | 16 (7.3%) |
| Cholesterol | 44 (20.1%) |
| Acid reflux | 28 (12.8%) |
| Depression | 36 (16.4%) |
| Anxiety | 28 (12.8%) |
| Nasal polyps | 4 (1.8%) |