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. 2023 Mar 22;21:211. doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-03995-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — The bidirectional role of oral microbiota in the organism: eubiosis and dysbiosis. The eubiosis of oral microbiota contribute to homeostasis maintaining. Within microbiota dysbiosis, the homeostasis between the host and commensal is destroyed, accompany by abnormal immune response and leading to IBD, RA, SLE, SS, AS, MS, AILDs, IgAN. IBD, Inflammatory bowel disease; RA, Rheumatoid arthritis; SLE, Systemic lupus erythematosus; SS, Sjogren syndrome; AS, Ankylosing spondylitis; MS, Multiple sclerosis; AILDs, Autoimmune liver diseases; IgAN, Immunoglobulin A nephropathy