Fig. 5.

Treatment strategy on balancing oral microbiota for autoimmune diseases. Oral microbiota dysbiosis could lead to development of autoimmune diseases, therefore good oral hygiene behavior, low carbohydrate diet, healthy lifestyles, metabolites (prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics), OMT, and Nanomedicine-based treatment are viable approaches to reverse dysbiosis and restore eubiosis. Increasing driving factors, such as good oral hygiene behavior, low carbohydrate diet, healthy lifestyles could reduce percentage of oral microbial dysbiosis. Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics could inhibit oral pathogenic microorganisms and prevent infections caused by oral pathogens. On the other hand, OMT introduces a new and healthy bacterial community to the recipient with the intent of reversing the established dysbiosis. Moreover, the combined effects of nanomedicine-based therapeutics and OMT could potentially and precisely use to oral microbiota delivery. OMT, oral microbiota transplantation; SCFA, Short-chain fatty acids