Fig. 10.

Post-treatment with repetitive SGB reversed local inflammation and oxidative stress in the peri-thalamic lesion sites of CPSP rats. A Representative western blotting of HIF-1α, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and cleaved caspase-1 expression in the peri-thalamic lesion sites. B–E Quantitative summary result showed repetitive SGB decreased HIF-1α (B), NLRP3 (C), Caspase-1 (D), and cleaved caspase-1 (E) expression in the peri-thalamic lesion sites of CPSP rats (n = 5, HIF-1α: F_2,12 = 9.896, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 vs ITC + Veh; NLRP3: F_2,12 = 10.40, ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 vs ITC + Veh; n = 4, Caspase-1: F_2,9 = 38.72, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 vs ITC + Veh; cleaved caspase-1 p20: F_2,9 = 28.21, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 vs ITC + Veh). F ELISA result showed repetitive SGB decreased HIF-1α expression in the peri-thalamic lesion sites of CPSP rats (n = 5, F_2,12 = 42.10, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 vs ITC + Veh). G–K ELISA results showed repetitive SGB decreased TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the peri-thalamic lesion sites of CPSP rats, but had no effect on IL-33 and CCL-12 (n = 5, TNF-α: F_2,12 = 72.48, ^###p < 0.001 vs ITC + Veh; IL-1β: F_2,12 = 26.98, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 vs ITC + Veh; IL-6: F_2,12 = 20.58, ^#p < 0.05, ^#p < 0.05, ^###p < 0.001 vs ITC + Veh; IL-33: F_2,12 = 12.82, ^###p < 0.001 vs ITC + Veh; CCL-12: F_2,12 = 5.570, ^#p < 0.05 vs ITC + Veh). L ELISA result showed repetitive SGB decreased the expression of antioxidant factor MDA in the peri-thalamic lesion sites of CPSP rats (n = 5, F_2,12 = 15.28, ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 vs ITC + Veh). M ELISA result showed repetitive SGB increased the expression level of oxidative factor SOD in the peri-thalamic lesion sites of CPSP rats (n = 5, F_2,12 = 17.52, ^#p < 0.05, ^###p < 0.001 vs ITC + Veh). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey test