Table 1.
Population characteristic
| PNPLA3 rs738409 | ||
|---|---|---|
| CC (n = 27) | GG (n = 12) | |
| Age (years) | 38.0 (36.0–40.0) | 35.0 (34.0–38.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.6 (21.9–32.0) | 30.5 (24.8–32.8) |
| Overweight + obesity | 15 (55%) | 9 (75%) |
| Waist to hip ratio | 0.89 (0.80–0.92) | 0.92 (0.87–0.96) |
| GDM history | 16 (59%) | 6 (50%) |
| HbA1c % | 5.5 (5.3–5.6) | 5.4 (5.2–5.6) |
| Prediabetesa + T2DM | 10 (37%) | 4 (33%) |
| HTGC (%)b | 5.5 (2.4–5.9)* | 11.4 (3.8–19.1)* |
| NAFLD | 7 (26%)+ | 7 (58%)+ |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5.2 (4.9–5.3) | 5.1 (5.0–5.5) |
| Fasting insulin (μU/ml) | 10.2 (7.2–15.9) | 14.0 (9.7–19.6) |
| Fasting TG (mmol/l) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) |
| HOMA2-IR | 1.3 (1.0–2.0) | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) |
| TyG index | 7.4 (7.3–7.8) | 7.6 (7.3–7.8) |
Medians (25th-75th percentile) or Number of patients (%) are indicated
aDiagnosed by using HbA1c and/or glucose values from OGTT (IFG, IGT)
bSix women had an indeterminate (− 1.455–0.676) NFS value, of which 4 patients had prediabetes/T2DM and none had pathologic FIB-4 score (> 1.45) or routine abdominal MRI scans indicating advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis
GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus, T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus, HTGC: hepatic triacylglycerol content, NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NFS: NAFLD fibrosis score, FIB-4 score: fibrosis-4 score
*p = 0.01,+p = 0.05