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. 2023 Mar 22;23:159. doi: 10.1186/s12877-023-03839-9

Table 1.

Characteristics of study participants

Characteristic Entire sample
(n = 146)
Test–retest reliability Sample (n = 49) Convergent validity sample (n = 120)
n % n % n %
(Mean ± SD, Range) (Mean ± SD, Range) (Mean ± SD, Range)
Age, years (65.35 ± 6.37, 56–87) (63.71 ± 5.44, 56–87) (64.95 ± 5.80, 56–87)
 55–65 83 56.8 30 61.2 68 56.7
 66–87 63 43.2 19 38.8 52 43.3
Sex
 Male 73 50 24 49.0 59 49.2
 Female 73 50 25 51.0 61 50.8
Education, years
 0–6 17 11.6 2 4.1 11 7.5
 7–9 15 10.3 1 2.0 9 6.2
 10–12 46 31.5 15 30.6 36 24.7
 > 12 68 46.6 31 63.3 90 61.6
Socio-economic status a
 Good 7 4.8 0 0 4 3.3
 Fair 126 86.3 49 100 109 90.8
 Poor 10 6.8 0 0 6 5.0
 Very poor 3 2.1 0 0 1 0.8
Marital status
 Single 2 1.4 1 2.0 1 0.8
 Married/cohabitating 113 77.4 44 89.8 97 80.8
 Divorced/separated 14 9.6 1 2.0 9 7.5
 Widowed 17 11.6 3 6.1 13 10.8
Living arrangement
 Alone 20 13.7 3 6.1 16 13.3
 With others 126 86.3 46 93.9 104 86.7

SD Standard deviation. a Reported using subjective rating.