Table 3.
Two-way ANOVA results of task performance time during different tasks among the PD-FOG, PD-nFOG, and HC groups.
| Task performance time | PD-FOG (N = 12) | PD-nFOG (N = 10) | HC (N = 12) | Group effects | PD-FOG vs. PD-nFOG | PD-FOG vs. HC | PD-nFOG vs. HC | Task effects | NS vs. NT | NT vs. FT | NS vs. FT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Seconds) | Mean ± SD | p values | |||||||||
| NS | 9.9 ± 1.1 | 9.4 ± 1.6 | 10.4 ± 2.5 | ||||||||
| NT | 10.5 ± 2.2 | 9.5 ± 1.5 | 9.1 ± 1.8 | 0.116 | 0.055 | 0.108 | 0.693 | 0.000* | 0.724 | 0.000* | 0.000* |
| FT | 8.0 ± 1.7 | 6.9 ± 1.1 | 6.8 ± 1.5 | ||||||||
Group × task effects of ANOVA test: p = 0.509. *p < 0.05 for group effects and task effects; *p < 0.025 for between-task comparisons (NS vs. NT, NT vs. FT, and NS vs. FT). ANOVA, analysis of variance; PD, Parkinson’s disease; HCs, healthy controls; PD-FoG, Parkinson’s disease with freezing of gait; PD-nFoG, Parkinson’s disease without freezing of gait; SD, standard deviation; NS, normal stepping task; NT, normal turning task; FT, fast turning task.