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. 2023 Mar 8;14:1107560. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1107560

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Copyright © 2023 Bower, Smout, Donohoe-Bales, O’Dean, Teesson, Boyle, Lim, Nguyen, Calear, Batterham, Gournay and Teesson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Meta-review of pooled standardised mean difference comparing COVID-19 to pre-COVID-19 levels. The forest plots of pooled standardised mean difference (SMD) comparing COVID-19 levels to pre-COVID-19 levels for probable depression, anxiety, and other mental disorders across all subgroups. The 95%CI is indicated by the rightmost, and leftmost points of the diamond.