Table 8.

Gross and microscopic lesions recorded in broiler chicks administered arsenic, chromium, bentonite, and vitamin E, alone or in combinations.

Organ	Gross/microscopic	Lesions	G2 (Cr)	G3 (As)	G6 (As + Cr)	G7 (As + Cr + Vit E)	G8 (As + Cr + BN)	G9 (As + Cr + Vit E + BN)
Lungs	Gross	Hemorrhages	++	++	++	+	+	+
		Frothy exudate	++	++	++	+	+	+
	Microscopic	Edema	++	++	+++	+	+	–
		Congestion	++	++	+++	+	+	–
		Emphysema	++	++	+++	+	+	–
Liver	Microscopic	Pyknotic nuclei	++	++	+++	+	++	–
		Expended sinusoidal spaces	+	++	+++	+	+	–
		Cytoplasmic vacuolar degeneration,	++	++	+++	+	++	–
		Leucocytic infiltration	++	++	+++	+	++	–
Kidneys	Gross	Swollen	+	++	+++	+	++	–
	Microscopic	Tubular necrosis	++	++	+++	+	++	–
		Pyknotic nuclei	++	++	+++	+	++	–
		Vacuolation	++	++	+++	+	++	–
		Congestion	++	++	+++	+	++	–
		Glomerular shrinkage	++	++	+++	+	++	–

No lesion was recorded in G1 (Control), G4 (Vit E), and G5 (Bentonite); therefore, they were excluded from this table.

Lesion categorization: No lesion (–), mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++). Cr, Chromium; As, Arsenic, Vit E: Vitamin E, BN: Bentonite. Chromium, arsenic, and vitamin E were given @ 270, 50, and 150 mg.kg⁻¹, respectively, while bentonite was administered @ 5%. G1 = Group 1: Control (negative); G2 = Group 2: Chromium; G3 = Group 3: Arsenic; G4 = Group 4: Vitamin E; G5 = Group 5: Bentonite; G6 = Group 6: Chromium + Arsenic; G7 = Group 7: Chromium + Arsenic + Vitamin E; G8 = Group 8: Chromium + Arsenic + Bentonite; and G9 = Group 9: Chromium + Arsenic + Vitamin + Bentonite.