Table 1.

Sample Descriptives and Differences by Product Use Status (N = 396).

Variable	Overall N = 396	Concurrent Users (n = 266)	Non-Concurrent Users (n = 130)	t or x² Value	P-Value

	M (±SD) or% [n]	M (± SD) or% [n]	M (± SD) or% [n]

Age	42.9 (±11.8)	41.8 (±12.1)	45.2 (±10.7)	−2.76	0.006
Sex				10.38	0.001
Male	64.9% [257]	70.3% [187]	53.8% [70]
Female	35.1% [139]	29.7% [79]	46.2% [60]
Race				0.81	0.367
White	61.6% [244]	63.2% [168]	58.5% [76]
All Other	38.4% [152]	36.8% [98]	41.5% [54]
Lifetime Months Homeless	41.0 (±51.2)	41.1 (±51.5)	40.9 (±50.9)	0.026	0.980
Years Smoked	23.5 (±12.5)	23.2 (±12.2)	24.0 (±13.1)	−0.56	0.578
Expired CO	13.5 (±8.7)	13.3 (±8.8)	13.9 (±8.6)	−0.63	0.527
CPD	14.5 (±7.2)	14.7 (±7.3)	14.2 (±6.9)	0.74	0.462
Time to First Cigarette				0.02	0.893
< 5 min	48.0% [190]	47.7% [127]	48.5% [63]
≥ 5 min	52% [206]	52.3% [139]	51.5% [67]
Diagnosed with a non-nicotine substance abuse disorder	42.2% [167]	45.9% [122]	34.6% [45]	4.53	0.033
Readiness to Quit (Scale 1–8)	4.7 (±2.0)	4.6 (±2.0)	4.7 (±2.0)	−0.46	0.649
Past Year Quit Attempts	1.8 (±2.5)	2.0 (±2.7)	1.3 (±2.0)	1.72	0.003
Perceived Risk of Smoking	6.3 (±3.0)	6.5 (±2.9)	5.8 (±3.1)	2.09	0.037
Received smoking cessation counseling at local shelters				0.855	0.355
No	96.5% [382]	95.9% [255]	97.7% [127]
Yes	3.5% [14]	4.1% [11]	2.3% [3]

Note: Differences between Concurrent Users and Non-Concurrent Users were assessed using independent samples t tests and chi-square tests. CO=carbon monoxide. CPD=cigarettes smoked per day.