Table 1.
Comparison of the phenotypes in Wolfram syndrome types 1 and 2.
| Clinical features | Wolfram syndrome type 1 | Wolfram syndrome type 2 |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes mellitus | Yes | Yes |
| Optic atrophy | Yes | Yes |
| Sensorineural deafness | Yes | Yes |
| Diabetes insipidus | Yes | Rare31,33 |
| Neurological disorders | Yes | Abnormal nerve conduction31 |
| Severe neurological impairment including cerebellar syndrome, myoclonic tremor, and cognitive deficits32 | ||
| Psychiatric disorders | Yes | Yes |
| Bladder dysfunction | Yes | Yes |
| Hypogonadism | Yes | Yes |
| Hematological disorders | No | Yes |
| Peptic ulcer | No | Yes |
| Rheumatological disorders | No | Rare29 |