Table 2.

The relationships between institutional betrayal and trauma/emotional symptoms, trust in provider, expectations, and needs as spontaneously self-reported by EDS patients.

Overall category	Code	Institutional betrayal coded n = 45 (%)	No institutional betrayal n = 59 (%)	Chi–square value df = 1	p-value
Co-occurring trauma	Medical trauma	13.3	0	8.35	0.004
Trauma/Emo symptom	Anxiety, stress, PTSD	64.4	55.9	<1	0.38
	Depression, sadness, hopelessness	55.6	54.2	<1	0.89
	Anger, irritability	24.4	8.5	5.00	0.02
	Isolation	13.3	20.3	<1	0.35
Provider trust	Lack of trust	51	0	38.72	0.000
Expectations	Provider incompetence	46.7	0	34.50	0.000
	Not being believed, gaslighting of symptoms	37.8	5.1	17.57	0.000
	Poor care/medical harm/adverse outcome	22.2	1.7	11.37	0.001
	Pt will need to self-advocate	40.0	8.5	14.73	0.000
	Nothing will change/hopeless/deal with it	24.0	18.6	2.17	0.14
Ongoing needs	Physical health	62.2	44.1	3.37	0.07
	Mental health	86.7	88.1	<1	0.82
	Education and coverage	30.8	8.5	31.82	0.000

n, number of patients; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder.