Table 2. Neurological symptoms of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
| OD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | without | with | p - value | |
| (N = 100) | (N = 56) | (N = 44) | ||
| Delay, days 1 | 1.48 ± 3.41 | 1.39 ± 3.48 | 1.55 ± 3.39 | 0.84 |
| Neurological symptom, % | 80 | 64.3 | 100 | <0.001 |
| Ageusia/hypogeusia 2 | 50 | 12.5 | 97.7 | <0.001 |
| Vision impairment | 11 | 8.9 | 13.6 | 0.45 |
| Dizziness 3 | 24 | 16.1 | 34.1 | 0.03 |
| Irritability | 12 | 7.1 | 18.2 | 0.09 |
| Impaired consciousness 4 | 18 | 23.2 | 11.4 | 0.12 |
| Confusion | 9 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 0.97 |
| Muscle weakness 5 | 2 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1 |
| Myalgia | 31 | 23.2 | 40.9 | 0.05 |
| Headache | 16 | 12.5 | 20.5 | 0.28 |
| Orthostatic intolerance 6 | 49 | 37.5 | 63.6 | 0.01 |
| Frequency | ||||
| Never | 51 | 62.5 | 36.4* | 0.02 |
| Rarely | 14 | 12.5 | 15.9 | |
| Occasionally | 19 | 17.9 | 20.5 | |
| Frequently | 15 | 7.1 | 25* | |
| Almost always | 1 | 0 | 2.3 | |
| Intensity | 0.01 | |||
| None | 51 | 62.5* | 36.4* | |
| Mild | 23 | 23.2 | 22.7 | |
| Moderate | 20 | 12.5 | 29.5* | |
| Severe | 6 | 1.8* | 11.4* | 0.03 |
| Xerophthalmia 7 | 20 | 12.5 | 29.5 | 0.03 |
| Xerostomia | 71 | 64.3 | 79.5 | 0.09 |
| COMPASS-31 TWS (0–100) | 16.69 ± 11.52 | 12.92 ± 13.72 | 20.90 ± 23.47 | 0.002 |
| TWS minus GI (0–75) | 13.82 ± 9.71 | 10.58 ± 12.16 | 17.21 ± 20.26 | 0.003 |
Abbreviations: COMPASS-31, Composite Autonomic Symptom Score 31; TWS, total weighted score; () or parenthesis, maximum possible score; GI, gastrointestinal; CI, confidence interval; OD, olfactory disfunction. Notes: Values expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or percentage (%). Bold numbers indicate statistical significance. * p- value < 0.05. Categorical variables analysis performed by the Pearson chi-squared or Fisher exact tests. Continuous variables and odds ratio analysis performed by generalized linear model within the groups without and with OD. Olfactory dysfunction = subjective anosmia/hyposmia. 1 Onset of illness to manifestation. 2 OR = 301, 95%CI 35.59 to 2,545.42. 3 OR = 2.70, 95%CI 1.04 to 6.96. 4 Syncope, seizure, daytime sleepiness, insomnia. 5 Due to acute cerebrovascular disease. 6 OR = 2.91, 95%CI 1.28 to 6.61. 7 OR = 2.93, 95%CI 1.05 to 8.16.