Table 3. Comorbidity profile of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
| OD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | without | with | p- value | |
| (N = 100) | (N = 56) | (N = 44) | ||
| Associated medical disease, % | ||||
| Hypertension | 60 | 50 | 72.7 | 0.02 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 40 | 25 | 59.1 | 0.001 |
| Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m 2 ) | 33 | 32.1 | 34.1 | 0.83 |
| Smoking history 1 | 25 | 26.8 | 22.7 | 0.64 |
| Cardiac diseases 2 | 23 | 25 | 20.5 | 0.59 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease 3 | 10 | 12.5 | 6.8 | 0.34 |
| End-stage renal disease | 31 | 30.4 | 31.8 | 0.87 |
| Kidney transplantation | 24 | 23.2 | 25 | 0.83 |
| Hemodialysis | 7 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 1 |
| Malignancy | 9 | 8.9 | 9.1 | 0.97 |
| Asthma | 7 | 3.6 | 11.4 | 0.23 |
| Vasculiti 4 | 7 | 8.9 | 4.5 | 0.46 |
| Cerebrovascular | 7 | 3.6 | 11.4 | 0.23 |
| Peripheral artery and aneurysm | 2 | 0 | 4.5 | 0.37 |
| Falciform anemia | 2 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1 |
| Pulmonary tuberculosis | 1 | 1.8 | 0 | 1 |
| Other 5 | 24 | 30.4 | 15.9 | 0.09 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index grade, % | 0.64 | |||
| None (CCI = 0) | 9 | 10.7 | 6.8 | 0.49 |
| Mild (CCI = 1 – 2) | 26 | 26.8 | 25 | 0.84 |
| Moderate (CCI = 3 – 4) | 39 | 41.1 | 36.4 | 0.63 |
| Severe (CCI ≥ 5) | 26 | 21.4 | 31.8 | 0.24 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; OD, olfactory disfunction. Notes: Values expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or percentage (%). Bold numbers indicate statistical significance. * p- value < 0.05 from analysis of variance and the Pearson chi-squared or Fisher exact tests within the groups without and with OD. Olfactory dysfunction = subjective anosmia/hyposmia. 1 Former and current. 2 Coronary heart disease, chronic chagasic cardiopathy, arrhythmia, congestive heart failure. 3 Obstructive and restrictive. 4 Sarcoidosis, systemic sclerosis, systemic sclerosis, and lupus. 5 Infectious diseases (HIV, hepatitis, syphilis, schistosomiasis); cerebral palsy; Parkinson disease; cocaine addiction; alcohol abuse; chronic pancreatitis; and other comorbidities.