Table 2.

Results of marginal structural models evaluating causal associations between anticoagulation and risks of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) and bleeding within 1-year after hospitalization with sepsis and new-onset atrial fibrillation.

Model	Cumulative one-year incidence of outcome in Anticoagulation-exposed per 100 participants	Cumulative one-year incidence of outcome in Anticoagulation-Unexposed per 100 participants	Risk difference (95% CI) Exposed-Unexposed per 100 participants
	Outcome: Stroke/TIA
Primary adjusted model: Anticoagulation within 30-days of discharge, per-protocol, Super Learner propensity score	5.69	2.32	3.37 (0.36, 6.38)
Sensitivity Analyses
Anticoagulation within 30-days of discharge, per-protocol, logistic regression propensity score	3.13	2.26	0.87 (−2.37, 4.12)
Anticoagulation within 30-days of discharge, intention to treat, Super Learner	3.92	2.32	1.60 (0.0, 3.2)
Anticoagulation within 24 hours of hospital discharge, per protocol, Super Learner	5.83	2.32	3.51 (−0.08, 7.09)
Anticoagulation within 24 hours of hospital discharge, intention to treat, Super Learner	4.77	2.39	2.38 (−0.11, 4.85)
	Outcome: Major Bleeding
Primary adjusted model: Anticoagulation within 30-days of discharge, per-protocol, Super Learner propensity score	6.51	7.1	−0.59 (−3.09, 1.91)
Sensitivity Analyses
Anticoagulation within 30-days of discharge, per-protocol, logistic regression propensity score	6.35	8.31	−1.96 (−5.03, 1.12)
Anticoagulation within 30-days of discharge, intention to treat, Super Learner	7.93	7.10	0.83 (−1.37, 3.03)
Anticoagulation within 24 hours of hospital discharge, per protocol, Super Learner	7.47	7.10	0.37 (−3.59, 4.32)
Anticoagulation within 24 hours of hospital discharge, intention to treat, Super Learner	7.67	7.11	0.56 (−2.78, 3.91)