Table 1.
Characteristics of the newborn infants.
| Population characteristics | Vaginal delivery (n = 12) | Caesarean section (n = 5) | All (n = 17) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | |||
| Maternal age, mean (SD) | 28.9 (4.9) | 27.3 (3.1) | 28.4 (4.4) |
| Number of siblings mean (SD) | 2.0 (2.6) | 1.4 (1.1) | 1.8 (2.2) |
| Maternal asthma, N (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Maternal allergy, N (%) | 3 (25) | 1 (20) | 4 (24) |
| GDM | 0 | 1 (20) | 1 (6) |
| Smoking during pregnancy | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Group B streptococcus positivea | 6 (50) | 1 (20)b | 7 (41) |
| Antibiotics during pregnancyb | 0 | 3 (60) | 3 (18) |
| Antibiotics during deliveryc | 6 (50) | 5 (100) | 11 (65) |
| Newborn characteristics | |||
| Gestational age (weeks) mean (SD) | 39.1 (1.1) | 38.6 (2.1) | 39 (1.4) |
| Birth weight (g) mean (SD) | 3450 (550) | 3620 (950) | 3500 (660) |
| Apgar 1 min mean (SD) | 8.4 (1.4) | 9.2 (0.8) | 8.7 (1.2) |
| Apgar 5 min mean (SD) | 9.0 (0.7) | 9.6 (0.5) | 9.2 (0.7) |
| Apgar 15 min mean (SD) | 9.3 (0.6) | 9.8 (0.4) | 9.4 (0.6) |
| Perinatal antibioticsd | 0 | 1 (20) | 1 (5.9) |
GDM gestational diabetes mellitus.
aStr. agalactiae screening was not performed in two cases.
bIn the caesarean section group, one mother had received pivmecillinam. The antibiotic used was not recorded for two cases in the section group.
cIn the vaginal delivery group, five mothers received benzyl penicillin, and one mother received clindamycin. In the caesarean section group, four mothers received cefuroxime, and one mother received clindamycin.
dOne child in the caesarean section group received intravenous benzyl penicillin.