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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Mar 23.
Published in final edited form as: J Surg Res. 2022 Jul 19;279:533–539. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.04.071

Table 3 –

Correlation of stage with ethnicity, age, HIV status.

Ethnicity Botswana
South Africa
United States
Early Advanced P-value Early Advanced P-value Early Advanced P-value

Ethnicity NA 0.003 P < 0.001
 White 0 0 63 (53.4%) 55 (46.6%) 220,125 (92.3%) 18,347 (7.7%)
 Black/multiracial 18 (35.3%) 33 (64.7%) 95 (36.7%) 164 (63.3%) 28,052 (87.0%) 4208 (13.0%)
 Other 0 0 34 (50.0%) 34 (50.0%) 13,237 (90.8%) 1348 (9.2%)
Age 0.229 0.104 P < 0.001
 Median (IQ range) 51 (42–65) 54 (44–64) 55.5 (44–65) 54 (43–67) 62 (52–71) 57 (48–67)
HIV status 0.764 0.087 Unavailable
 HIV-Infected 1 (25.0%) 3 (75.0%) 14 (28.6%) 35 (71.4%)
 HIV-Uninfected 3 (33.3%) 6 (66.7%) 87 (41.8%) 121 (58.2%)

Early stage was defined as stage I or II.

Advanced stage was defined as stage III or IV.