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. 2023 Mar 9;14:1127704. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1127704

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Copyright © 2023 Strzelec, Detka, Mieszczak, Sobocińska and Majka

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Steps of B-cell differentiation and maturation. (1) Antigen recognition induces the expression of effector molecules by T cells, which activate the B cells. (2) B-cell proliferation in the germinal center. (3) Differentiation between resting memory cells and antibody-secreting plasma cells. Establishing the role of particular factors in the regulation of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms of B-cell differentiation, maturation, and maintenance, which could help design better treatment and vaccination procedures. Created with BioRender.com.