Table 1.
Summary statistics of homicide rates (pooled across all years) and social and built environment characteristics in cities, by country.
| Variables | Total | AR | BR | CL | CO | MX | PA | PEa | SV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample characteristics | |||||||||
| # of cities | 315 | 26 | 152 | 21 | 17 | 92 | 3 | 1 | 3 |
| # of sub-cities | 1205 | 101 | 422 | 81 | 40 | 406 | 82 | 51 | 22 |
| Aggregated homicide rates per 100,000 hab. | |||||||||
| Youth, females (15–24 yo) | 7.59 | 1.94 | 9.16 | 1.31 | 11.38 | 7.92 | 6.95 | 0.76 | 23.25 |
| Young adults, females (25–39 yo) | 7.00 | 1.88 | 7.80 | 1.53 | 10.46 | 8.22 | 4.40 | 0.70 | 15.04 |
| Youth, males (15–24 yo) | 101.00 | 23.56 | 158.38 | 14.61 | 160.05 | 59.97 | 93.61 | 5.18 | 171.30 |
| Young adults, males (25–39 yo) | 84.46 | 18.02 | 103.06 | 14.85 | 150.68 | 85.68 | 69.77 | 5.92 | 170.64 |
| Sub-city homicide rates per 100,000 hab.: means (standard deviations) | |||||||||
| Youth, females (15–24 yo) | 6.71 (8.54) | 1.70 (1.51) | 8.59 (7.09) | 1.09 (1.66) | 10.91 (6.69) | 6.78 (9.32) | 6.29 (12.60) | 0.37 (0.76) | 21.65 (10.07) |
| Young adults, females (25–39 yo) | 6.02 (6.71) | 1.67 (1.18) | 8.11 (5.80) | 1.88 (2.60) | 9.57 (5.35) | 5.78 (6.29) | 4.45 (11.24) | 0.43 (0.69) | 17.74 (8.53) |
| Youth, males (15–24 yo) | 76.99 (95.09) | 18.77 (13.26) | 135.69 (115.36) | 14.60 (11.13) | 130.71 (96.50) | 40.69 (48.27) | 79.42 (81.25) | 3.66 (6.82) | 181.01 (80.79) |
| Young adults, females (25–39 yo) | 69.44 (69.89) | 14.55 (9.95) | 98.20 (67.16) | 15.49 (10.53) | 130.09 (73.71) | 61.43 (66.97) | 63.96 (60.74) | 4.53 (7.73) | 176.76 (68.86) |
| Social environment characteristics: means (standard deviations) | |||||||||
| Sub-city education (index) | −0.46 (1.56) | −0.29 (1.60) | −0.56 (1.06) | −0.66 (1.34) | −0.47 (0.83) | −0.94 (1.38) | 0.76 (2.08) | 2.52 (1.87) | −1.15 (1.69) |
| City GDP (x103 2011 PPP USD) | 15.58 (11.34) | 18.01 (10.63) | 15.12 (8.24) | 20.67 (16.16) | 8.83 (4.71) | 15.59 (14.60) | 22.11 (11.54) | 31.26 (0.00) | 7.85 (1.70) |
| City Gini (index) | 0.49 (0.08) | 0.40 (0.03) | 0.55 (0.05) | 0.41 (0.03) | 0.46 (0.03) | 0.45 (0.06) | 0.49 (0.03) | 0.40 (0.00) | 0.41 (0.02) |
| Built environment characteristics: means (standard deviations) | |||||||||
| City Isolation (m) | 95.61 (40.81) | 88.00 (23.59) | 89.74 (33.04) | 95.65 (36.32) | 111.53 (74.63) | 106.47 (47.12) | 73.02 (6.00) | 63.25 (0.00) | 69.19 (4.35) |
| City Population density (x102 hab./km2) | 69.23 (34.55) | 55.23 (11.59) | 63.56 (24.36) | 70.93 (17.60) | 167.76 (45.00) | 61.45 (22.48) | 66.51 (12.35) | 158.43 (0.00) | 119.80 (19.72) |
| City size (x105 hab.) | 4.13 (10.65) | 5.22 (14.59) | 3.75 (10.13) | 2.94 (6.66) | 4.22 (4.75) | 4.22 (11.22) | 3.90 (4.84) | 47.73 (0.00) | 3.93 (4.62) |
| City Population growth (% over 5 years) | 6.54 (3.52) | 6.14 (2.49) | 5.96 (3.81) | 6.59 (2.41) | 5.88 (3.87) | 7.62 (3.27) | 7.91 (2.79) | 8.12 (0.00) | 8.06 (2.33) |
AR = Argentina, BR = Brazil, CL = Chile, CO = Colombia, MX = Mexico, PA = Panama, PE = Peru, SV = El Salvador; yo = years old; hab = inhabitants; PPP= Purchasing Power Parity; m = meters.
a
The standard deviations of city-level Peru variables is 0 due to the sample only having one city (Lima) for this country.