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. 2023 Mar 9;10:1121498. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1121498

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Copyright © 2023 Li, He, Chen, Liao, Tang, Li, Fan, Li, and Xiong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Whitening efficacy in vitro. (A) Light microscope image. (B) Effects of DM on B16 cell viability. (C) Effects of DM on melanin synthesis in B16 cells. (D) Effects of DM on TYR activity in B16 cells. (E) Effects of DM on expression of Mitf, Dct, Tyr, and Tyrp1 in B16 cells. The asterisk (**) indicated a significant difference (p < 0.01) compared to the control of (B). The asterisk (**) indicated a significant difference (p < 0.01) compared to the 100 nM ɑ-MSH of (C–E).