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. 2023 Mar 22;13:4683. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28693-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Profiling CACNA1D and Ca_V1.3 expression in clinical PCa datasets and tissue microarrays. (A) Human CACNA1D transcript expression was determined by RNA-seq analysis from 7932 TCGA samples from 17 different cancer tissues. Data was obtained from The Human Protein Atlas (www.proteinatlas.org/) ENSG00000157388-CACNA1D/pathology (v21.1.proteinatlas.org), is presented as box-and-whisker plots (median, 10–90 percentile) and was analysed with Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn’s multiple comparison test p < 0.001 (***). (B) Scatter plot showing CACNA1D expression in primary (n = 131) PCa and metastatic PCa (n = 19) compared to adjacent benign prostate tissue (n = 29). Data was derived from GEO dataset, GSE21032 (GPL 5188) conducted by Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre (MSKCC). Data is expressed as median and inter-quartile range and was analysed using Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn’s multiple comparison test, p < 0.001 (***). C. CACNA1D expression was compared by Gleason grade (6, 7 and 8–9) between primary and metastatic PCa samples. Data was derived from GEO dataset, GSE21032 (GPL 5188, MSKCC) and analysed using Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn’s multiple comparison test. Data is expressed as median and inter-quartile range where significance is indicated as p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**) and p < 0.001 (***). D. Examples of normal/benign and prostate tumour tissue cores from an in house tumour PCa microarray, stained with anti-Ca_V1.3 (HPA020215, Sigma Aldrich). Tissues were assessed by a Q scoring system. Staining intensity was scored as weak (1), moderate (2) and strong (3) and was multiplied by the percentage of tissue encompassed by the designated staining. (E) Q scores (median, 10–90 percentile) showing significant Ca_V1.3 overexpression in tumour vs normal/benign tissues (N = 67, Mann–Whitney, unpaired, p < 0.001 (***)).