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. 2023 Mar 9;14:1118927. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1118927

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Copyright © 2023 Toth, Reglodi, Schwieters and Tamas

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic drawing of the possible signaling pathways regulated by PACAP. (AC = adenylate cyclase, ARF = adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor, cAMP = cyclic adenosine monophosphate, EPAC = exchange proteins activated by cAMP, IP3 = 1,4,5–inositol trisphosphate, PACAP = pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, PAC1–R = PACAP type I receptor, PAC1–Rsv = PACAP type I receptor splice variants, PIP2 = phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, PKA = protein kinase A, PKC = protein kinase C, PLC = phospholipase C, PLD = phospholipase D, VPAC1/2–R = Pituitary adenylate cyclase–activating polypeptide type II receptor 1 or 2.