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. 2023 Feb 8;14(12):3140–3146. doi: 10.1039/d2sc06770f

Energies for the cocrystal interconversion reactions calculated from periodic DFT and calorimetry data, as well as experimental outcomes of the corresponding mechanochemical transformations. The average differences between the energies calculated with two DFT methods are: MAE 2.1 kJ mol−1; RMSD 2.2 kJ mol−1.

Reaction Nr Reaction type Reaction equation ΔE/kJ mol−1 Experimental LAG reactions (forward/reverse)
PBE + D3 PBE + MBD* Experimental calorimetry Ethanol Aceto-nitrile Hexane
1 Acceptor exchange (pyr)1/2(tftib) + 2,2′-bipy → (2,2′-bipy)(tftib) + 1/2 pyr −3.4 −4.7 −5.7(8) Forward Forward Forwarda
2 (pyr)1/2(tftib) + 4,4′-bipy → (4,4′-bipy) (tftib) + 1/2 pyr −18.4 −20.1 −13.2(6) Forward Forward Forward
3 (pyr)1/2(tftib) + dabco → (dabco)(tftib) + 1/2 pyr −22.3 −18.3 −10.0(8) Forward Forward Forwarda
4 (pyr)1/2(tftib) + acr → (acr) (tftib) + 1/2 pyr −1.0 0.2 0.4(5) Forward Forward Forwardb
5 (pyr)1/2(tftib) + tmpyr → (tmpyr)(tftib) + 1/2 pyr −8.1 −6.0 −7.1(7) Forward Forward Forward
6 Donor exchange (pyr)1/2(tftib) + ½ 14tfib → 1/2 (pyr)(14tfib) + tftib 0.3 −1.4 0.6(7) Reverse Reverse Reverse
7 (pyr)1/2(tftib) + 1/2 fum → 1/2 (pyr)(fum) + tftib 6.9 5.1 4.2(5) Reverse Reverse Reverse
8 (pyr)1/2(tftib) + 1/2 pht → 1/2 (pyr)(pht) + tftib 12.3 9.5 6.8(7) Reverse Reverse Reverse
9 (pyr)1/2(tftib) + tdec → 1/2 (pyr) (tdec)2 + tftib 6.1 9.2 4.7(8) Reverse Reverse Reversec
10 (pyr)1/2(tftib) + 1/2 succ → 1/2 (pyr)(succ) + tftib 7.3 5.5 1.3(1) Reverse Reverse Reversec
11 (pyr)1/2(tftib) + 1/2 ox → 1/2 (pyr)(ox) + tftib −3.6 −5.1 −1.8(5) Forward Forward Forward
a

Reaction proceeds with a solvated intermediate.

b

LAG reactions result in a mixture of (pyr)1/2(tftib) and (acr)(tftib), upon storage the proportion of (acr)(tftib) in the reaction mixture increases (ESI Fig. S6 and S7).

c

LAG reactions result in a mixture of (pyr)1/2(tftib) and product cocrystal for the corresponding reaction, but full conversion to the product cocrystal is observed upon storing the samples at room temperature up to 3 months.