Energies for the cocrystal interconversion reactions calculated from periodic DFT and calorimetry data, as well as experimental outcomes of the corresponding mechanochemical transformations. The average differences between the energies calculated with two DFT methods are: MAE 2.1 kJ mol−1; RMSD 2.2 kJ mol−1.
Reaction Nr | Reaction type | Reaction equation | ΔE/kJ mol−1 | Experimental LAG reactions (forward/reverse) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PBE + D3 | PBE + MBD* | Experimental calorimetry | Ethanol | Aceto-nitrile | Hexane | |||
1 | Acceptor exchange | (pyr)1/2(tftib) + 2,2′-bipy → (2,2′-bipy)(tftib) + 1/2 pyr | −3.4 | −4.7 | −5.7(8) | Forward | Forward | Forwarda |
2 | (pyr)1/2(tftib) + 4,4′-bipy → (4,4′-bipy) (tftib) + 1/2 pyr | −18.4 | −20.1 | −13.2(6) | Forward | Forward | Forward | |
3 | (pyr)1/2(tftib) + dabco → (dabco)(tftib) + 1/2 pyr | −22.3 | −18.3 | −10.0(8) | Forward | Forward | Forwarda | |
4 | (pyr)1/2(tftib) + acr → (acr) (tftib) + 1/2 pyr | −1.0 | 0.2 | 0.4(5) | Forward | Forward | Forwardb | |
5 | (pyr)1/2(tftib) + tmpyr → (tmpyr)(tftib) + 1/2 pyr | −8.1 | −6.0 | −7.1(7) | Forward | Forward | Forward | |
6 | Donor exchange | (pyr)1/2(tftib) + ½ 14tfib → 1/2 (pyr)(14tfib) + tftib | 0.3 | −1.4 | 0.6(7) | Reverse | Reverse | Reverse |
7 | (pyr)1/2(tftib) + 1/2 fum → 1/2 (pyr)(fum) + tftib | 6.9 | 5.1 | 4.2(5) | Reverse | Reverse | Reverse | |
8 | (pyr)1/2(tftib) + 1/2 pht → 1/2 (pyr)(pht) + tftib | 12.3 | 9.5 | 6.8(7) | Reverse | Reverse | Reverse | |
9 | (pyr)1/2(tftib) + tdec → 1/2 (pyr) (tdec)2 + tftib | 6.1 | 9.2 | 4.7(8) | Reverse | Reverse | Reversec | |
10 | (pyr)1/2(tftib) + 1/2 succ → 1/2 (pyr)(succ) + tftib | 7.3 | 5.5 | 1.3(1) | Reverse | Reverse | Reversec | |
11 | (pyr)1/2(tftib) + 1/2 ox → 1/2 (pyr)(ox) + tftib | −3.6 | −5.1 | −1.8(5) | Forward | Forward | Forward |
Reaction proceeds with a solvated intermediate.
LAG reactions result in a mixture of (pyr)1/2(tftib) and (acr)(tftib), upon storage the proportion of (acr)(tftib) in the reaction mixture increases (ESI Fig. S6 and S7).
LAG reactions result in a mixture of (pyr)1/2(tftib) and product cocrystal for the corresponding reaction, but full conversion to the product cocrystal is observed upon storing the samples at room temperature up to 3 months.