Table 1.
Clinical data of five patients.
| Clinical data | Case 1 | Case 2 | Case 3 | Case 4 | Case 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | Male | Female | Male | Male | Male |
| Age (years) | 51 | 66 | 65 | 38 | 51 |
| Course of disease (days) | 5 | 40 | 7 | 19 | 4 |
| Clinical symptoms | |||||
| Fever | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Headache | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Seizures | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
| Mental symptoms | No | Hallucinations and gibberish language | Hallucinations and gibberish language | No | Hallucinations and gibberish language |
| Cognitive impairment | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Decreased consciousness | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Weakness of limbs | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Other symptoms | Hiccups, respiratory failure | Night sweats, dysphagia, urinary incontinence | Fatigue, dysuria | Fatigue, cough and expectoration, intestinal infarction, dysuria | Dysuria, constipation |
| Stiff neck | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Routine blood examinations | |||||
| WBC (4–10 × 109/L) | 8.72 | 4.62 | 7.83 | 13.4 | 7.86 |
| N% (40%−75%) | 75.9 | 73 | 76↑ | 86.1↑ | 67.4 |
| RBC (4.3–5.8 × 1012/L) | 5.47 | 4.12 | 3.87 | 4.05 | 4.27 |
| PLT (100–300 × 109/L) | 205 | 333 | 198 | 376 | 255 |
| Serum sodium (135–145 mmol/L) | 127 | 145 | 121 | 124 | 139 |
| CSF | |||||
| Pressure (80–180 mmH2O) | 340 | 198 | 380 | 330 | 250 |
| Number of cells (0–10 × 106/L) | 29 | 178 | 90 | 238 | 122 |
| Protein levels (0.12–0.6 g/L) | 2.1 | 2.61 | 1.78 | 1.54 | 2.16 |
| Glucose/blood glucose (mmol/L, >50%) | 3.1/8.3 | 2.6/5.9 | 2.6/7.7 | 2.41/6.4 | 5.1/10.7 |
| Chlorine (120–130 mmol/L) | 109 | 120 | 106 | 113 | 117 |
| Cytology | Lymphocytosis | Lymphocytosis | Lymphocytosis | Lymphocytosis, eosinophilia | Lymphocytosis |
| Modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative |
| GFAP antibody | |||||
| CSF | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive |
| Serum | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive | Positive |
| Other AE antibodies | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative |
| Antinuclear antibody spectrum | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative | Negative |
| X-Pert | Negative | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| T-SPOT | Positive | Positive | Negative | Negative | Negative |
| Cranial MRI | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal | Abnormal |
| Tumor | No | No | No | No | No |
| Anti-tuberculosis time (days) | 21 | 3 | 34 | 3 | 7 |
| Anti-tuberculosis medicine | INH, RFP, PZA | INH, RFP, PZA | INH, RFP, PZA | INH, RFP, PZA | INH, RFP, PZA |
| Diagnosis time | 23 | 7 | 34 | 3 | 7 |
| Treatment | |||||
| Methylprednisolone | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| IVIg | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Hospital stay (days) | 25 | 25 | 36 | 53 | 41 |
| Prognosis | |||||
| mRS score | Death | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
WBC, white blood cell; N%, neutrophil percentage; RBC, red blood cell; PLT, platelet; AE, autoimmune encephalitis; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; ND, not detected; INH, isoniazid; PZA, pyrazinamide; RFP, rifampicin; IVIg, intravenous immunoglobulin.
Other AE antibodies included anti-NMDAR antibodies, anti-GABAB antibodies, anti-AMPAR antibodies, anti-LGI1 antibodies, and anti-CASPR2 antibodies.