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. 2023 Mar 9;14:1111459. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1111459

FIGURE 12.

FIGURE 12

A schematic representation of cardioprotective mechanisms of curcumin for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. After I/R occurs, curcumin inhibits cell apoptosis by activating JAK2/STAT3 pathway and relieving oxidative stress, with upregulated SOD, GPx and CAT expression, decrease of ROS production, and upregulated Bcl-2. In addition, curcumin inhibits the TLR2 and NF-κB pathways on the cell membrane surface via downregulation of TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, curcumin suppresses caspase-3 expression to inhibit apoptosis. AKT, protein kinase B; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphona-2; CAT, catalase; GPx, Glutathione Peroxidase; I/R, ischemia/reperfusion; IL-6, interleukin-6; JAK2, Janus kinase two; McP-1, Monocyte chemotactic protein one; MDA, malondialdehyde; MPO, myeloperoxidase; PI3K, Phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; Superoxide dismutase; STAT3, signal and activator of transcription three; TLR2, Toll-like receptor two; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.