Table 1.
Comparison of demographic and clinical characteristics between cognitive impairment and NCI.
| Variables | Overall (N = 733) | NCI (N = 611) | Early cognitive impairment (N = 122) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 66.37 (10.88) | 64.72 (10.74) | 74.60 (7.28) | <0.001* |
| Sex (Male), n (%) | 359 (48.98) | 300 (49.10) | 59 (48.36) | 0.881 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 225 (30.70) | 194 (31.75) | 31 (25.41) | 0.166 |
| Current drinker, n (%) | 189 (25.78) | 163 (26.68) | 26 (21.31) | 0.216 |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||
| Married | 713 (97.27) | 594 (97.22) | 119 (97.54) | 0.841 |
| Unmarried, divorced or widowed | 20 (2.73) | 17 (2.78) | 3 (2.46) | |
| Educational levels, n (%) | <0.001* | |||
| Primary school or below | 285 (38.88) | 200 (32.73) | 85 (69.67) | |
| Junior high school or senior high school | 402 (54.84) | 365 (59.74) | 37 (30.33) | |
| University or above | 46 (6.28) | 46 (7.53) | 0 (0.00) | |
| Type of work, n (%) | <0.001* | |||
| Manual labor | 392 (53.48) | 297 (48.61) | 95 (77.87) | |
| Mental labor | 101 (13.78) | 98 (16.04) | 3 (2.46) | |
| Both manual and brain labor | 240 (32.74) | 216 (35.35) | 24 (19.67) | |
| Estimated duration of hypertension, months, median [IQR] | 115 [59.00,160.00] | 107 [57.00,156.00] | 131 [67.00,196.00] | 0.018* |
| Average salt intake per month, g, median [IQR] | 300 [180.00, 600.00] | 300 [180.00, 600.00] | 300 [240.00, 480.00] | 0.152 |
| SBP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 142.76 (14.73) | 142.24 (14.08) | 145.39 (17.49) | 0.063 |
| DBP, mmHg, mean (SD) | 83.69 (12.94) | 83.88 (13.42) | 82.77 (10.19) | 0.301 |
| Waist circumference, cm, mean (SD) | 84.21 (15.32) | 83.35 (15.74) | 88.51 (12.18) | <0.001* |
| Hip circumference, cm, mean (SD) | 97.67 (12.34) | 96.78 (12.35) | 102.14 (11.35) | <0.001* |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 24.99 (3.31) | 24.90 (3.32) | 25.47 (3.23) | 0.082 |
| Sleep parameters | ||||
| Night sleep initiation time, hour, mean (SD) | 21.68 (0.91) | 21.75 (0.94) | 21.38 (0.73) | <0.001* |
| Night sleep duration, hours, mean (SD) | 7.11 (0.89) | 7.14 (0.86) | 6.98 (1.04) | 0.113 |
| Night sleep latency, minutes, median [IQR] | 20 [10.00, 30.00] | 20 [10.00, 30.00] | 30 [20.00, 30.00] | <0.001* |
| PSQI score, points, mean (SD) | 6.11 (3.87) | 5.79 (3.97) | 7.75 (2.83) | <0.001* |
| Physical activity, n (%) | <0.001* | |||
| Light | 143 (19.51) | 101 (16.53) | 42 (34.43) | |
| Moderate | 399 (54.43) | 330 (54.01) | 69 (56.56) | |
| Vigorous | 191 (26.06) | 180 (29.46) | 11 (9.02) | |
| Laboratory testing parameters | ||||
| FBG, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 6.54 (2.10) | 6.50 (2.09) | 6.71 (2.16) | 0.314 |
| TG, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 1.68 (1.28) | 1.70 (1.34) | 1.54 (0.85) | 0.090 |
| TC, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 4.64 (1.27) | 4.68 (1.28) | 4.44 (1.22) | 0.057 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 2.73 (1.02) | 2.76 (1.03) | 2.57 (0.95) | 0.060 |
| SCr, μmoI/L, median [IQR] | 66 [55.00, 78.30] | 65 [54.70, 77.00] | 71 [60.30, 88.00] | <0.001* |
| Imaging parameters | ||||
| RAD, mm, mean (SD) | 33.13 (5.75) | 32.84 (5.57) | 34.57 (6.38) | 0.006* |
| LAD, mm, mean (SD) | 36.65 (5.92) | 36.24 (5.72) | 38.73 (6.50) | <0.001* |
| RVD, mm, mean (SD) | 21.97 (3.18) | 21.85 (3.00) | 22.57 (3.91) | 0.056 |
| LVD, mm, mean (SD) | 47.51 (6.51) | 47.15 (6.58) | 49.29 (5.85) | 0.001* |
| Family history, n (%) | ||||
| Family history of hypertension | 446 (60.85) | 380 (62.19) | 66 (54.10) | 0.094 |
| Family history of CHD | 203 (27.69) | 173 (28.31) | 30 (24.59) | 0.401 |
| Family history of hyperlipemia | 169 (23.06) | 145 (23.73) | 24 (19.67) | 0.331 |
| Medication information, n (%) | ||||
| CCBs use | 443 (60.44) | 366 (59.90) | 77 (63.12) | 0.508 |
| ACEI/ARBs use | 472 (64.39) | 407 (66.61) | 65 (53.28) | 0.005* |
| Beta-blockers use | 139 (18.96) | 124 (20.30) | 15 (12.30) | 0.040* |
| Diuretics use | 128 (17.46) | 106 (17.35) | 22 (18.03) | 0.856 |
Data are presented as mean (SD), median [IQR], or n (%).
NCI, no cognitive impairment; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BMI, body mass index; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SCr, serum creatinine; RAD, right atrial diameter; LAD, left atrial diameter; RVD, right ventricular diameter; LVD, left ventricular diameter; CHD, coronary heart disease; CCB, calcium channel blocker; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker.
*
Statistically significant (P < 0.05).