TABLE 1.

Properties of source data included in this study.

No.	Project/expedition/publication	Life style	Study method	Location, country	Elevational sampling range (m)	Number of elevational steps	Upper gradient limit (m)
1	Bryotrop I Expedition, Schultze‐Motel and Menzel (1987)	A	Transect plots	Andes, Northeastern Peru	200–3400	17	4000
2	da Costa et al. (2015)	A	Herbarium survey	Itatiaia NP, Brazil	600–2700	10	2787
3	Koponen‐Norris Expedition Enroth (1990), Appendix S2	A	Targeted searches	Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea	0–3700	34	4000
4	3 transects Expedition 2nd part, this study (Appendix S1)	A	Transect plots	Mt. Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea	200–3700	8	4459
5	Bryotrop III Expedition, Fischer (1993), Appendix S2	A	Targeted searches	Kahuzi‐Biega‐NP, DRC/Nyungwe Forest, Virungas, Rwanda	850–4507	27	4507
6	Gradstein and Salazar‐Allen (1992)	A	transect plots	Darién NP, Panama	50–1150	5	1435
7	Gradstein (2020)	A	Checklist	Napo, Ecuador	300–4800	46	4800
8	Gradstein and Florschütz‐de Waard (1989)	A, E, NE	Targeted searches	Mt. Roraima, Guyana	500–2300	14	2400
9	Gradstein and Weber (1982)	A, E, NE	Herbarium survey + targeted searches	Galapagos Islands, Ecuador	10–1100	6/6/5	1300
10	Lee (1976)	A	Transect plots	Jasper NP, Canada	1067–2227	14	2694
11	Swissbryophytes (2011)–2017)	A	checklist	Switzerland	600–3000	8	3320
12	3 transects Expedition 1st part, Maul et al. (2020)	A, E, NE	Transect plots	South‐Western Uganda	680–3200	24/24/23	3645
13	van Reenen et al. (1986)	A	Transect plots	Sierra de Santa Marta, Colombia	500–4100	19	4500
14	Cacua‐Toledo et al. (2018)	A	Transect plots	Cordillera Oriental, Andes, Colombia	2400–3400	6	4020
15	Ah‐Peng et al. (2007)	A	Transect plots	Piton des Neiges, La Reunion	250–850	4	3070
16	Henriques et al. (2016)	A	Database survey	Terceira Island, Portugal	25.5–995.5	20	1021
17	Hernández‐Hernández et al. (2017)	A	Transect plots	La Palma, Spain	40–1426	8	2200
18	Boch et al. (2019)	A	Transect plots	Madeira, Portugal	91–1469	90	1861
19	Grau et al. (2007)	A	Literature survey	Central Himalaya, Nepal	100–4500	45	5200
20	Coelho et al. (2021)	A	transect plots	Pico Island, Portugal	10–2200	12	2350
21	Lindlar and Frahm (2002) + Pfeiffer (2003)	A, E, NE	Transect plots	Mt. Ruapehu, New Zealand	650–1450	5	2400
22	Lindlar and Frahm (2002) + Pfeiffer (2003)	A, E, NE	Transect plots	Urewera NP, New Zealand	600–1150	5	1392
23	Lindlar and Frahm (2002) + Pfeiffer (2003)	A, E, NE	Transect plots	Haast Pass, New Zealand	100–800	5	2000
24	Lindlar and Frahm (2002) + Pfeiffer (2003)	A, E, NE	Transect plots	Franz‐Josef Glacier, New Zealand	15–800	7/7/6	1800
25	Lindlar and Frahm (2002) + Pfeiffer (2003)	A, E	Transect plots	Karamea, New Zealand	20–1000	6	1875
26	Bryotrop II Expedition, Kürschner (1990)	E	Transect plots	Mt. Kinabalu, East Malaysia	50–3500	18	4095
27	Chantanaorrapint (2010)	E	Transect plots	Tarutao Island, Thailand	25–700	4	700
28	Chantanaorrapint and Frahm (2011) + unpublished data	E	Transect plots	Khao Luang, Khao Nan, Thailand	400–1550	8	1780
29	Iskandar et al. (2020)	E	Transect plots	Mt. Gede, Java, Indonesia	1500–2700	7	3100
30	BRYOSTRAT Project, Kürschner and Parolly (1998)	E	Transect plots	Andes, Northeastern Peru	280–3300	17	4000
31	Marline (2018)	E	Transect plots	Marojejy NP, Madagascar	250–2050	10	2132
32	Song, Ma, et al. (2015)	E	Transect plots	Mengla, Zhenyuan, Lijiang, China	800–3800	12	4000
33	Wolf (1993)	E	Transect plots	Cordillera Central, Andes, Colombia	1000–4130	15	4150
34	Alam (2011)	NE	Herbarium survey + targeted searches	Nilgiri Hills, India	1100–2600	16	2623
35	Sun et al. (2013)	NE	Transect plots	Gongga Mountains, China	2300–4220	11	4900

Abbreviations: A, all; DRC, Democratic Republic of the Congo; E, epiphytic; NE, non‐epiphytic; NP, national park.