Table 1.

Examples of conventional aptamer-based targeted therapies for CSCs.

Molecular targets	Cancer types	Cargoes	Nanocarriers	Modalities	Ref
EpCAM	Hepatocellular carcinoma	DOX	None	Chemotherapy	[29]
CD133	Lung cancer	Gefitinib	DSPE-PEG2000	Chemotherapy	[54]
CD133	Glioblastoma	Telaglenastat	PEGylated gold nanoparticles	Chemotherapy	[106]
CD20	Melanoma	Salinomycin	Lipid-polymer	Chemotherapy	[107]
CD20	Melanoma	Adriamycin	Exosomes	Chemotherapy	[108]
EpCAM	Colorectal cancer	DOX	None	Chemotherapy	[109]
CD133	Thyroid cancer	DOX	None	Chemotherapy	[110]
EGFR	Osteosarcoma	Salinomycin	polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles	Chemotherapy	[111]
EpCAM	Hepatocellular carcinoma	β-catenin siRNA	Milk-derived nanovesicles	Gene therapy	[59]
EpCAM	Colorectal cancer	Survivin siRNA	None	Gene therapy	[60]
CTLA4	Chronic myeloid leukemia	Kindlin-3 siRNA	None	Gene therapy	[61]
CD133	Breast cancer	Anti-miR21	three-way junction (3WJ) motif	Gene therapy	[62]
Axl and PDGFRβ	Glioblastoma	miR-137 and antimiR-10 ​b	None	Gene therapy	[63]
EpCAM	Hepatocellular carcinoma	Ad5-PTEN	polyethylene glycol	Gene therapy	[112]
EpCAM	Breast cancer	Upf2, Parp1, Cd47, and Mcl1 siRNA	None	Immunotherapy	[70]