Table 1. Baseline Characteristics at Randomization, by Anticoagulation Study Group.
| Characteristic | Study group, No. (%) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| SD-PA | HD-PA | TA | |
| Participants, No. | 114 | 110 | 110 |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 57 (50-67) | 58 (49-68) | 60 (53-70) |
| Men | 71 (65) | 74 (62) | 84 (76) |
| Women | 43 (38) | 26 (24) | 39 (35) |
| Body weight, median (IQR), kg | 82 (74-90) | 80 (74-90) | 80 (70-89) |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 27 (25-31) | 28 (25-30) | 28 (25-31) |
| Symptom duration, median (IQR), d | |||
| Before hospitalization | 8 (6-10) | 7 (6-9) [n = 109] | 8 (5-10) |
| Before randomization | 10 (8-12) | 10 (8-13) | 9 (7-12) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Hypertension | 29 (25) | 34 (31) | 42 (38) |
| Diabetes | 19 (17) | 16 (14) | 26 (24) |
| COPD | 4 (3) | 4 (4) | 4 (4) |
| Coronary artery disease | 4 (3) | 2 (2) | 8 (7) |
| Chronic heart failure | 1 (<1) | 2 (2) | 0 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 5 (4) | 2 (2) | 0 |
| Cirrhosis | 1 (<1) | 1 (<1) | 0 |
| History of venous thrombotic event | 2 (2) | 1 (<1) | 2 (2) |
| History of arterial thrombotic event | 2 (2) | 1 (<1) | 2 (2) |
| History of substantial bleeding | 0 | 1 (<1) | 0 |
| Active cancer | 10 (9) | 4 (4) | 11 (10) |
| SOFA, median (IQR) a | 3 (3-4) | 4 (3-5) | 4 (3-4) |
| Laboratory parameters | |||
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio | |||
| No. | 93 | 95 | 91 |
| Median (IQR) | 115 (82-158) | 112 (77-159) | 107 (75-154) |
| Bilirubin, μmol/L | |||
| No. | 95 | 94 | 84 |
| Median (IQR) | 8 (6-12) | 8 (7-12) | 9 (6-12) |
| Platelet count, 109/L | |||
| No. | 106 | 102 | 105 |
| Median (IQR) | 237 (189-311) | 239 (186-329) | 241 (205-298) |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | |||
| No. | 108 | 104 | 101 |
| Median (IQR) | 68 (58-84) | 72 (59-86) | 64 (56-84) |
| Prothrombin level | |||
| No. | 91 | 91 | 89 |
| Median (IQR) | 92 (82-100) | 87 (80-96) | 88 (78-96) |
| D-dimer, median (IQR), ng/mLb | 1020 (700-1725) | 1043 (760-2000) | 1194 (710-1730) |
| >3000 ng/mLb | 14 (12) | 11 (10) | 12 (11) |
| Affected lung parenchyma, %c | |||
| No. | 113 | 110 | 109 |
| Median (IQR) | 50 (50-75) | 50 (40-75) | 50 (30-70) |
| Medication | |||
| Glucocorticoid | 103 (90) | 105 (95) | 100 (91) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 0 | 1 (<1) | 1 (<1) |
| Remdesivir | 1 (<1) | 0 | 1 (<1) |
| Tocilizumab | 29 (25) | 27 (24) | 28 (25) |
| ICU admission | 101 (89) | 101 (92) | 97 (88) |
| Respiratory support | |||
| Mask/nasal catheter | 28 (25) | 23 (21) | 26 (24) |
| High-flow oxygen | 68 (60) | 67 (61) | 68 (62) |
| Noninvasive mechanical ventilation | 8 (7) | 8 (7) | 6 (5) |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 10 (9) | 12 (11) | 10 (9) |
| Vasopressor | 5 (4) | 4 (4) | 2 (2) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CTPA, chest computed tomography with pulmonary angiogram; HD-PA, high-dose prophylactic anticoagulation; ICU, intensive care unit; PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; SD-PA, standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation; SOFA, Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment; TA, therapeutic anticoagulation.
Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment scores from 1-4 for each organ, regarding the severity of neurologic, cardiovascular, respiratory, kidney, hematologic, and hepatic dysfunctions. The higher the score, the more severe the illness.36
Reference upper limit, 500 ng/mL (to convert to nmol/L, multiply by 4.476).
Determined by CTPA performed <72 h before or <24 h after inclusion. Visual quantification was used to classify patients by percentage of lung parenchyma affected by COVID-19 lesions.