Table 1. Characteristics of US Adults Aged 40 to 75 Years by Race and Ethnicity and Stratified by 10-Year Predicted Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD), National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 to March 2020.
| Characteristic | % (95% CI) | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5% to <7.5% | P valuea | 7.5% to <20% | P valuea | ≥20% | P valuea | ||||||||||
| Asian | Black | Hispanic | White | Asian | Black | Hispanic | White | Asian | Black | Hispanic | White | ||||
| Age, y | |||||||||||||||
| 40-49 | 16.7 (10.3-25.9) | 35.4 (29.3-42.1) | 24.8 (18.8-32.0) | 11.6 (8.9-15.1) | <.001 | 6.3 (4.2-9.3) | 10.2 (7.6-13.5) | 8.6 (4.3-16.5) | 3.8 (2.5-5.8) | <.001 | NAb | 1.2 (0.2-8.5) | NAb | 1.5 (0.2-10.7) | .02 |
| 50-59 | 50.8 (41.6-60.0) | 44.6 (37.6-51.8) | 51.1 (43.1-59.1) | 49.3 (44.8-53.7) | 21.4 (15.6-28.6) | 40.0 (35.3-44.9) | 29.0 (24.3-34.3) | 19.9 (16.1-24.4) | 6.0 (1.8-17.9) | 17.9 (11.9-26.1) | 10.4 (4.3-23.2) | 3.0 (0.8-10.2) | |||
| 60-69 | 31.1 (25.0-37.9) | 19.1 (14.9-24.1) | 24.1 (18.9-30.2) | 37.7 (32.2-43.6) | 54.2 (47.1-61.3) | 37.6 (32.8-42.7) | 48.1 (43.4-52.8) | 54.8 (50.1-59.4) | 28.5 (16.0-45.6) | 45.6 (36.3-55.2) | 24.7 (17.0-34.4) | 26.9 (18.7-37.0) | |||
| 70-75 | 1.4 (0.2-8.8) | 1.0 (0.3-3.1) | - | 1.3 (0.6-3.1) | 18.0 (12.3-25.6) | 12.2 (10.0-14.9) | 14.2 (11.0-18.3) | 21.4 (18.1-25.1) | 65.4 (48.6-79.1) | 35.3 (25.8-46.2) | 64.9 (53.0-75.2) | 68.6 (59.8-76.3) | |||
| Female | 41.1 (33.4-49.3) | 42.8 (35.9-50.0) | 32.9 (26.3-40.3) | 43.3 (36.7-50.0) | .12 | 37.3 (29.4-45.8) | 41.1 (37.4-45.0) | 29.2 (24.7-34.2) | 37.8 (33.8-41.9) | .02 | 23.1 (12.3-39.1) | 37.5 (26.6-49.9) | 28.8 (19.5-40.3) | 26.6 (19.3-35.3) | .31 |
| Male | 58.9 (50.7-66.6) | 57.2 (50.0-64.1) | 67.1 (59.7-73.7) | 56.7 (50.0-63.3) | 62.7 (54.2-70.6) | 58.9 (55.0-62.6) | 70.8 (65.8-75.3) | 62.2 (58.1-66.2) | 76.9 (60.9-87.7) | 62.5 (50.1-73.4) | 71.2 (59.7-80.5) | 73.4 (64.7-80.7) | |||
| > HS education | 13.9 (7.4-24.8) | 13.0 (9.3-18.0) | 35.0 (27.7-43.2) | 8.7 (5.9-12.8) | <.001 | 23.3 (16.9-31.2) | 20.5 (17.0-24.5) | 42.1 (36.1-48.3) | 5.4 (3.9-7.3) | <.001 | 33.5 (20.6-49.4) | 27.5 (21.0-35.0) | 50.6 (36.3-64.8) | 14.5 (8.8-22.9) | <.001 |
| Routine location for health care | 81.9 (72.7-88.5) | 89.9 (84.4-93.6) | 80.3 (74.0-85.3) | 90.2 (86.5-93.0) | <.001 | 86.3 (79.5-91.1) | 89.7 (87.3-91.7) | 77.0 (72.2-81.2) | 91.3 (89.3-93.0) | <.001 | 94.1 (82.2-98.2) | 89.1 (82.9-93.2) | 85.1 (75.4-91.5) | 94.9 (88. 8,97.7) | .02 |
| Health insurance | 88.4 (79.4-93.8) | 82.2 (77.3-86.2) | 79.3 (71.3-85.5) | 88.9 (82.9-93.0) | .05 | 88.8 (83.5-92.5) | 85.3 (81.3-88.6) | 75.0 (70.3-79.2) | 92.7 (90.3-94.6) | <.001 | 94.4 (82.9-98.3) | 85.4 (77.1-91.1) | 88.9 (81.3-93.7) | 96.7 (91.9-98.7) | <.001 |
| Body mass indexc | |||||||||||||||
| Underweight | 1.9 (0.5-7.6) | 0.9 (0.1-6.3) | 0.9 (0.2-3.8) | 1.4 (0.4-5.2) | <.001 | 2.4 (1.1-5.4) | 2.1 (1.1-3.9) | NAb | 0.8 (0.3-1.9) | <.001 | NAb | 0.7 (0.1-5.1) | 0.9 (0.1-6.8) | 1.5 (0.5-4.6) | .13 |
| Normal weight | 50.3 (39.0-61.6) | 14.8 (10.5-20.5) | 8.8 (5.3-14.2) | 18.2 (13.3-24.3) | 45.8 (39.1-52.6) | 20.4 (17.3-23.8) | 15.8 (12.3-20.1) | 20.6 (16.8-24.9) | 44.7 (27.7-62.9) | 23.6 (17.7-30.7) | 14.1 (8.2-23.2) | 18.8 (13.5-25.6) | |||
| Overweight | 35.9 (26.3-46.8) | 28.4 (22.9-34.5) | 42.7 (34.7-51.2) | 40.1 (33.6-47.0) | 41.6 (34.9-48.8) | 28.5 (24.4-32.9) | 43.6 (38.5-48.8) | 36.4 (32.4-40.7) | 40.6 (25.3-58.0) | 37.5 (30.7-44.8) | 42.3 (31.3-54.1) | 41.1 (32.6-50.3) | |||
| Obese | 11.9 (5.9-22.6) | 55.9 (49.5-62.1) | 47.6 (39.5-55.8) | 40.3 (35.0-45.8) | 10.2 (7.2-14.1) | 49.1 (44.2-54.0) | 40.6 (35.2-46.4) | 42.2 (37.7-46.8) | 14.8 (4.9-36.6) | 38.2 (30.2-46.9) | 42.7 (30.1-56.2) | 38.5 (29.8-48.1) | |||
| Comorbidities | |||||||||||||||
| Hypertension | 53.3 (41.4-64.7) | 54.5 (47.5-61.3) | 39.1 (32.1-46.5) | 44.6 (38.4-50.9) | .04 | 64.9 (56.8-72.2) | 76.6 (73.5-79.5) | 58.4 (52.3-64.3) | 60.0 (55.8-64.1) | <.001 | 84.4 (68.6-93.1) | 96.6 (90.2-98.9) | 85.2 (76.0-91.3) | 81.8 (72.7-88.4) | .01 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 11.1 (5.5-21.2) | 13.0 (9.1-18.4) | 7.0 (4.6-10.4) | 9.6 (6.9-13.1) | .27 | 12.1 (8.5-17.0) | 20.7 (17.3-24.5) | 15.6 (11.7-20.7) | 20.2 (16.8-24.1) | .11 | 35.1 (20.6-52.9) | 31.2 (23.7-39.9) | 30.2 (21.6-40.6) | 27.0 (20.1-35.3) | .66 |
| Heart failure | 0.7 (0.1-4.8) | 3.7 (1.9-7.2) | 0.7 (0.2-2.7) | 0.5 (0.1-1.5) | <.001 | 0.4 (0.0-2.9) | 2.2 (1.1-4.4) | 0.6 (0.2-2.1) | 1.2 (0.6-2.3) | .16 | 1.8 (0.2-12.0) | 4.7 (1.9-11.2) | 3.3 (0.7-15.0) | 2.0 (0.6-6.2) | .53 |
| Current smoking | 11.0 (5.7-20.2) | 24.1 (18.1-31.2) | 26.6 (19.6-35.0) | 23.0 (17.0-30.2) | .30 | 18.0 (13.5-23.5) | 34.7 (31.0-38.5) | 28.2 (24.0-32.8) | 22.2 (18.7-26.2) | <.001 | 12.7 (5.2-27.9) | 56.4 (48.3-64.1) | 20.2 (12.5-30.9) | 25.4 (20.5-31.1) | <.001 |
| Laboratory values | |||||||||||||||
| Total cholesterol, median (95% CI), mg/dLd | 206 (194-220) | 196 (191-203) | 206 (197-215) | 202 (197-206) | .13 | 203 (193-215) | 194 (191-198) | 203 (198-209) | 200 (196-204) | <.001 | 196 (177-220) | 200 (187-210) | 207 (191-224) | 201 (190-209) | .64 |
| LDL-C, median (95% CI), mg/dLd,e | 110 (93-130) | 114 (104-127) | 126 (123-131) | 122 (115-128) | .01 | 127 (116-135) | 112 (107-120) | 126 (122-136) | 118 (115-124) | .01 | NAb | 115 (99-132) | 112 (102-139) | 121 (103-135) | .71 |
| HDL-C, median (95% CI), mg/dLd | 49 (47-54) | 56 (53-60) | 46 (43-49) | 51 (49-53) | <.001 | 50 (46-55) | 53 (52-55) | 44 (43-48) | 51 (50-53) | <.001 | 51 (47-57) | 52 (49-57) | 47 (43-51) | 48 (46-53) | <.001 |
| Triglycerides, median (95% CI), g/dLe,f | 111 (83-169) | 78 (72-89) | 112 (102-123) | 104 (88-126) | <.001 | 111 (99-138) | 80 (74-85) | 116 (105-133) | 110 (99-122) | <.001 | NAb | 79 (66-115) | 113 (83-228) | 109 (98-155) | .03 |
| HbA1c, median (95% CI), %g | 5.7 (5.6-5.8) | 5.7 (5.7-5.8) | 5.6 (5.5-5.8) | 5.5 (5.5-5.6) | <.001 | 5.8 (5.8-6.0) | 5.8 (5.8-5.9) | 5.6 (5.6-5.7) | 5.6 (5.6-5.7) | <.001 | 5.9 (5.8-6.3) | 5.8 (5.8-6.0) | 5.7 (5.7-5.9) | 5.7 (5.7-5.9) | .01 |
| Mean SBP, median (95% CI), mm Hg | 128 (123-134) | 128 (126-130) | 127 (126-131) | 124 (123-126) | <.001 | 134 (130-136) | 135 (134-137) | 133 (131-136) | 128 (126-130) | <.001 | 153 (142-161) | 152 (150-157) | 144 (139-153) | 140 (137-144) | <.001 |
| Taking ≥ 1 antihypertensive agent | 37.8 (26.8-50.3) | 38.5 (32.7-44.6) | 22.5 (17.4-28.6) | 33.2 (26.7-40.3) | .03 | 45.6 (36.1-55.3) | 58.7 (54.1-63.1) | 39.3 (34.2-44.6) | 44.8 (40.5-49.2) | <.001 | 60.2 (44.1-74.4) | 80.0 (70.5-87.0) | 66.1 (55.6-75.2) | 68.5 (59.8-76.1) | .12 |
| 10-y ASCVD risk, median (95% CI), %c | 6.1 (6.0-6.4) | 6.2 (6.0-6.4) | 6.0 (5.8-6.2) | 6.1 (6.0-6.2) | .84 | 11.0 (10.5-11.5) | 11.7 (11.2-12.0) | 11.2 (10.6-11.9) | 11.7 (11.1-12.4) | .12 | 23.0 (21.4-28.8) | 24.5 (23.3-26.3) | 23.9 (22.7-25.6) | 23.3 (22.9-23.8) | .20 |
Abbreviations: HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HS, high school; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NA, not applicable; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
a
P values are calculated by χ2, analysis of variance, or Kruskal-Wallis for categorical, parametric numeric, and nonparametric numeric variables, respectively.
b
Sample sizes less than 30 were not reported due to unstable estimates.
c
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared and categorized as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5 to <25 kg/m2), overweight (25 to <30 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2).
d
To convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0259.
e
Triglyceride and LDL-C sampling calculations were completed using a fasting subsample weight in 1542 adults with available data.
f
To convert to mmol/L, multiply by 0.0113.
g
To convert to proportion of total hemoglobin, multiply by 0.01.