Table 1.
Clinical characteristics
| Acute‐onset type 1 diabetes | SPIDDM | Fulminant type 1 diabetes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 199 | 168 | 48 |
| Female | 121 (61%) | 90 (54%) | 22 (46%) |
| Onset age (years) | 40.3 ± 17.5 | 49.7 ± 14.9 | 43.9 ± 16.4 |
| Duration (years) | 3.9 ± 5.4 | 7.6 ± 9.3 | 3.2 ± 3.7 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.8 ± 3.2 | 22.8 ± 4.1 | 21.5 ± 2.7 |
| DKA at onset (+/−) † | 138/43 | 29/128 | 43/4 |
| Insulin therapy (+/−) | 199/0 | 116/52 | 48/0 |
| HLA‐DRB1*04:05 (+) | 87/298 (29%) | 58/248 (23%) | 26/80 (33%) |
| HLA‐DRB1*09:01 (+) | 112/298 (38%) | 67/248 (27%) | 19/80 (24%) |
| GADA group | |||
| RIA+/ELISA+ | 138 (69%) | 92 (55%) | 1 (2%) |
| RIA+/ELISA− | 9 (4.5%) | 32 (19%) | 7 (15%) |
| RIA−/ELISA+ | 15 (7.5%) | 14 (8%) | 3 (6%) |
| RIA−/ELISA− | 37 (19% | 30 (18%) | 37 (77%) |
Data are n (%) or mean ± SD.
BMI, body mass index; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; GADA, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibody; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; SPIDDM, slowly progressive type 1 diabetes.
†
Data for DKA at onset were unavailable in 18 patients with acute‐onset type 1 diabetes, 11 with SPIDDM, and one with fulminant type 1 diabetes.