eTable 2. Substances classified as PIM (supplement to Table 2): number of ratings, mean, and confidence interval.

Substance/class n = number of ratings	Mean [95% CI]
Drugs for acidity-related diseases
Antacids containing magnesium > 4 weeks (n = 34)	2.29 [2.00; 2.59]
Compounds containing aluminum (n = 43)	2.60 [2.26; 2.95]
Cimetidine (n = 43)	1.98 [1.72; 2.23]
Ranitidine*1 (n = 44)	2.66 [2.35; 2.97]
Proton pump inhibitors > 8 weeks (n = 43)	2.47 [2.16; 2.77]
Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders
Mebeverine (n = 36)	2.56 [2.24; 2.87]
Metoclopramide (n = 46)	2.20 [1.90; 2.49]
Domperidone (n = 47)	2.23 [1.95; 2.52]
Alizapride (n = 33)	2.30 [1.97; 2.64]
Antiemetics and drugs for nausea
Dimenhydrinate (n = 49)	1.73 [1.44; 2.03]
Scopolamine (n = 48)	1.65 [1.42; 1.87]
Drugs for constipation
Liquid paraffin (n = 45)	2.31 [1.93; 2.69]
Sennosides > 1 week (n = 42)	1.95 [1.74; 2.17]
Sodium picosulfate > 1 week (n = 41)	2.27 [2.01; 2.52]
Motility inhibitors
Loperamide > 3 d > 12 mg/d (n = 42)	2.02 [1.81; 2.24]
Antidiabetic drugs
Glibenclamide (n = 46)	2.00 [1.69; 2.31]
Gliquidone (n = 35)	2.29 [1.91; 2.66]
Gliclazide (n = 37)	2.27 [1.95; 2.59]
Glimepiride (n = 43)	2.26 [1.95; 2.56]
Acarbose (n = 45)	2.64 [2.32; 2.97]
Pioglitazone (n = 43)	2.05 [1.73; 2.36]
Antithrombotic drugs
Ticlopidine (n = 41)	2.32 [2.01; 2.63]
Prasugrel (n = 42)	2.64 [2.31; 2.98]
Cardiac treatment
Digoxin and derivatives (n = 42)	1.95 [1.69; 2.22]
Lidocaine (n = 45)	2.51 [2.21; 2.82]
Propafenone as long-term medication (n = 43)	2.53 [2.24; 2.83]
Flecainide (n = 40)	2.38 [2.09; 2.66]
Dronedarone (n = 38)	1.95 [1.63; 2.26]
Antihypertensives
Methyldopa (n = 44)	1.93 [1.59; 2.28]
Clonidine (n = 45)	1.93 [1.69; 2.18]
Moxonidine (n = 40)	2.03 [1.76; 2.29]
Doxazosin (n = 45)	2.27 [1.98; 2.56]
Terazosin as antihypertensive (n = 40)	2.30 [2.00; 2.60]
Dihydralazine (n = 21)	2.24 [1.86; 2.62]
Hydralazine*2(n = 38)	2.03 [1.76; 2.30]
Minoxidil (n = 41)	2.29 [2.04; 2.55]
Potassium-sparing drugs
Spironolactone > 25 mg/d (n = 43)	2.51 [2.23; 2.79]
Peripheral vasodilators
Pentoxifylline (n = 44)	1.73 [1.48; 1.98]
Naftidrofuryl (n = 42)	1.71 [1.46; 1.97]
Cilostazol (n = 34)	2.26 [1.92; 2.61]
Beta-adrenoceptor antagonists
Pindolol (n = 36)	2.42 [2.07; 2.76]
Propranolol (n = 46)	2.70 [2.47; 2.92]
Sotalol (n = 43)	2.42 [2.09; 2.74]
Calcium-channel blockers
Non-slow-release nifedipine (n = 42)	1.88 [1.59; 2.17]
Drugs acting on the renin–angiotensin system
Aliskiren (n = 41)	2.66 [2.33; 2.99]
Sexual hormones and modulators of the genital system
Testosterone (n = 42)	2.24 [1.91; 2.57]
Oral estrogens (n = 41)	2.17 [1.83; 2.51]
Urologics
Flavoxate (n = 38)	2.03 [1.80; 2.25]
Oxybutynin (n = 44)	1.84 [1.61; 2.08]
Propiverine (n = 34)	1.74 [1.54; 1.93]
Tolterodine (n = 39)	2.03 [1.74; 2.31]
Solifenacin (n = 37)	2.08 [1.80; 2.36]
Trospium (n = 44)	2.36 [2.10; 2.63]
Darifenacin (n = 39)	2.00 [1.71; 2.29]
Fesoterodine, desfesoterodine (n = 40)	2.05 [1.77; 2.33]
Mirabegron (n = 37)	2.62 [2.29; 2.95]
Hypophyseal and hypothalamic hormones and analogs
Desmopressin (n = 39)	2.51 [2.17; 2.86]
Antibiotics for systemic use
Fluoroquinolones (n = 45)	2.27 [1.98; 2.55]
Endocrine treatment
Medroxyprogesterone (n = 38)	2.42 [2.14; 2.70]
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic drugs
Phenylbutazone (n = 45)	1.38 [1.18; 1.57]
Indomethacin (n = 44)	1.48 [1.26; 1.70]
Diclofenac (n = 45)	1.96 [1.73; 2.18]
Acemetacin (n = 41)	1.68 [1.42; 1.94]
Proglumetacin (n = 37)	1.49 [1.22; 1.75]
Aceclofenac (n = 36)	1.58 [1.34; 1.83]
Piroxicam (n = 47)	1.62 [1.38; 1.85]
Meloxicam (n = 44)	1.68 [1.45; 1.92]
Ibuprofen*3 > 3 × 400 mg/d, > 1 week or > 3 × 400 mg/d, with PPI > 8 weeks (n = 48)	2.60 [2.30; 2.91]
Naproxen*3 > 2 × 250 mg/d, > 1 week or > 2 × 250 mg/d, with PPI > 8 weeks (n = 43)	2.58 [2.26; 2.90]
Ketoprofen, dexketoprofen (n = 40)	1.80 [1.51; 2.09]
Etofenamate (n = 34)	1.82 [1.56; 2.09]
Coxibs (n = 42)	2.07 [1.83; 2.31]
Nabumetone (n = 31)	2.19 [1.77; 2.62]
Muscle relaxants
Methocarbamol (n = 34)	2.00 [1.64; 2.36]
Orphenadrine (citrate) (n = 40)	1.78 [1.50; 2.05]
Baclofen (n = 47)	2.19 [1.91; 2.48]
Tizanidine (n = 37)	1.89 [1.59; 2.19]
Pridinol (n = 26)	2.00 [1.64; 2.36]
Tolperisone (n = 32)	2.16 [1.85; 2.46]
Other drugs for disorders of the musculoskeletal system
Quinine (n = 43)	1.77 [1.52; 2.02]
Analgesics
Dihydrocodeine, codeine as analgesic (n = 40)	2.45 [2.10; 2.80]
Pethidine (n = 46)	1.91 [1.66; 2.17]
Tramadol (n = 46)	2.65 [2.33; 2.97]
Tapentadol (n = 37)	2.59 [2.30; 2.89]
Methadone, levomethadone (n = 40)	2.30 [2.00; 2.60]
Acetylsalicylic acid as analgesic (n = 47)	2.45 [2.12; 2.77]
Phenazone (n = 35)	1.89 [1.65; 2.12]
Propyphenazone (n = 36)	2.19 [1.87; 2.52]
Ergotamine (n = 44)	1.59 [1.41; 1.77]
Antiepileptics
Phenobarbital (n = 40)	1.53 [1.35; 1.70]
Primidone (n = 39)	2.23 [1.95; 2.51]
Phenytoin (n = 40)	2.43 [2.13; 2.72]
Carbamazepine (n = 46)	2.39 [2.13; 2.65]
Drugs for Parkinson’s disease
Trihexyphenidyl (n = 33)	1.73 [1.47; 1.98]
Biperiden (n = 38)	2.26 [1.94; 2.58]
Procyclidine (n = 34)	1.91 [1.59; 2.24]
Bornaprine (n = 33)	2.06 [1.73; 2.39]
Amantadine (n = 41)	2.49 [2.16; 2.82]
Pramipexole (n = 41)	2.66 [2.37; 2.95]
Piribedil (n = 30)	2.43 [2.14; 2.72]
Dopaminergic ergot alkaloids (e.g., pergolide) (n = 40)	2.05 [1.81; 2.29]
Monoaminoxidase-B inhibitors (e.g., selegiline) (n = 35)	2.46 [2.12; 2.79]
Tolcapone (n = 33)	2.48 [2.25; 2.72]
Antipsychotics
Levomepromazine (n = 44)	1.57 [1.33; 1.81]
Fluphenazine (n = 35)	1.54 [1.33; 1.75]
Perphenazine (n = 39)	1.79 [1.52; 2.06]
Perazine (n = 31)	2.13 [1.78; 2.48]
Thioridazine (n = 39)	1.59 [1.32; 1.85]
Haloperidol (n = 45)	2.16 [1.86; 2.46]
Melperone > 100 mg/d, > 6 weeks (n = 36)	1.92 [1.73; 2.10]
Pipamperone > 120 mg/d, > 6 weeks (n = 36)	2.06 [1.80; 2.31]
Bromperidol (n = 33)	1.82 [1.58; 2.06]
Benperidol (n = 31)	1.84 [1.57; 2.11]
Sertindole (n = 35)	1.77 [1.49; 2.05]
Ziprasidone (n = 37)	2.08 [1.78; 2.38]
Flupentixol (n = 41)	1.90 [1.67; 2.13]
Chlorprothixene (n = 41)	1.71 [1.45; 1.96]
Zuclopenthixol (n = 40)	1.73 [1.53; 1.92]
Fluspirilene (n = 33)	1.79 [1.47; 2.10]
Pimozide (n = 35)	1.49 [1.29; 1.68]
Clozapine (n = 42)	2.12 [1.84; 2.40]
Olanzapine (n = 43)	2.28 [1.99; 2.57]
Quetiapine > 100 mg/d, > 6 weeks (n = 43)	2.23 [1.97; 2.50]
Sulpiride (n = 40)	2.30 [2.01; 2.59]
Tiapride (n = 37)	2.30 [2.03; 2.57]
Amisulpride (n = 38)	2.24 [1.96; 2.52]
Prothipendyl (n = 39)	2.13 [1.82; 2.44]
Risperidone > 6 weeks (n = 45)	2.69 [2.38; 2.99]
Aripiprazole (n = 39)	2.41 [2.10; 2.72]
Paliperidone (n = 32)	2.47 [2.10; 2.83]
Cariprazine (n = 27)	2.00 [1.73; 2.27]
Anxiolytics, hypnotics, and sedatives
Hydroxyzine (n = 44)	1.70 [1.46; 1.95]
Long-acting benzodiazepines (e.g., diazepam) (n = 44)	1.45 [1.29; 1.62]
Lorazepam (n = 43)	2.26 [1.95; 2.56]
Moderately long-acting benzodiazepines(e.g., oxazepam) (n = 46)	2.13 [1.91; 2.35]
Short-acting benzodiazepines (e.g., triazolam) (n = 44)	2.20 [1.90; 2.51]
Chloral hydrate (n = 40)	1.78 [1.54; 2.01]
Zopiclone (n = 39)	2.23 [1.93; 2.53]
Zolpidem (n = 43)	2.35 [2.06; 2.64]
Clomethiazole (n = 40)	1.93 [1.62; 2.23]
Doxylamine (n = 40)	1.63 [1.42; 1.83]
Promethazine (n = 39)	1.92 [1.60; 2.25]
Antidepressants
Tricyclics (e.g., amitriptyline) (n = 46)	1.65 [1.42; 1.88]
Opipramol (n = 41)	2.24 [1.98; 2.51]
Nortriptyline*4 (n = 37)	2.22 [1.95; 2.48]
Doxepin (n = 41)	1.88 [1.57; 2.19]
Maprotiline (n = 42)	1.83 [1.61; 2.06]
Fluoxetine (n = 43)	2.23 [1.97; 2.50]
Paroxetine (n = 45)	2.29 [2.01; 2.57]
Sertraline > 100 mg/d (n = 40)	2.33 [2.06; 2.59]
Fluvoxamine (n = 41)	2.17 [1.91; 2.43]
Tranylcypromine (n = 37)	1.81 [1.51; 2.11]
Moclobemide (n = 42)	2.62 [2.31; 2.93]
St John’s wort (n = 45)	2.53 [2.22; 2.84]
Mianserin (n = 38)	2.45 [2.14; 2.75]
Bupropion (n = 41)	2.59 [2.28; 2.89]
Tianeptine (n = 36)	2.56 [2.28; 2.83]
Agomelatine (n = 40)	2.45 [2.12; 2.78]
Psychostimulants
Methylphenidate (n = 36)	1.78 [1.53; 2.02]
Pyritinol (n = 33)	1.94 [1.66; 2.22]
Piracetam (n = 42)	1.81 [1.58; 2.04]
Antidementives
Ginkgo leaf (n = 41)	2.61 [2.23; 2.99]
Nicergoline (n = 40)	2.08 [1.83; 2.32]
Nimodipine (n = 34)	2.15 [1.89; 2.41]
Drugs for vertigo
Betahistine (n = 39)	2.62 [2.27; 2.96]
Cinnarizine*5 (n = 40)	2.13 [1.81; 2.44]
Flunarizine (n = 34)	2.35 [2.06; 2.65]
Drugs for obstructive respiratory tract diseases
Sympathomimetics for systemic use, no inhalation (e.g., salbumatol) (n = 44)	2.34 [2.10; 2.59]
Theophylline, aminophylline (n = 42)	1.83 [1.60; 2.07]
Cough and cold remedies
Codeine, dihydrocodeine as antitussive (n = 42)	2.29 [2.03; 2.54]
Antihistamines for systemic use
First generation
Diphenhydramine (n = 43)	1.67 [1.45; 1.89]
Clemastine (n = 37)	1.78 [1.50; 2.07]
Dimetindene (n = 39)	1.87 [1.62; 2.12]
Cyproheptadine (n = 33)	1.67 [1.42; 1.91]
Ketotifen (n = 35)	2.31 [2.02; 2.61]
Second generation
Ebastine (n = 34)	2.50 [2.25; 2.75]
Rupatadine (n = 24)	2.63 [2.30; 2.95]

CI, Confidence interval; PIM, potentially inappropriate medication; PPI, proton pump inhibitors

*¹ License suspended since January 2021 owing to nitrosamine contamination

*² In Germany: only as a compound with atenolol and chlorthalidone

*³ Additional evaluation in third round with time and dose limitation; data on confidence interval etc. for evaluation without time and dose limitation

*⁴ According to comments, nortriptyline is tolerated better than other tricyclics; therefore, it was evaluated in its own right in the second round of the Delphi process

*⁵ In Germany: only as a compound with dimenhydrinate