Table 3.

Hierarchical Linear Models of Sleep Quality Across Gestation & Predictors

		Model 1
		Linear Slope	Quadratic Growth
Fixed Effects	Intercept Centered at 8 Weeks (b0)	6.22	7.27
	Linear Slope (b1)	0.034**	−0.12**
	Quadratic Growth (b2)	--	0.0047**
Random Effects a	Error (σ2e)	2.75	2.59
	Intercept (σ2b0)	10.93***	11.42***
	Slope (σ2b1)	0.009***	0.009***
		Model 2b
		ACEs	ACEs & Covariates
Fixed Effects	Intercept Centered at 8 Weeks (b0)	7.27	7.28
	ACEs (b01)	0.36	0.34*
	Prenatal Stressful Life Events (b02)	--	−0.065
	INR (b03)	--	−0.15⸸
	Linear Slope (b1)	−0.12**	−0.12*
	ACEs (b11)	0.003	--
	Quadratic Growth (b2)	0.005**	0.005**
	ACEs (b21)	−0.0002	--
Random Effects a	Error (σ2e)	2.59	2.69
	Intercept (σ2b0)	13.28***	9.15***
	Slope (σ2b1)	0.009***	0.009***
		Model 3b
		BCEs	BCEs & Covariates
Fixed Effects	Intercept Centered at 8 Weeks (b0)	8.85	8.48
	BCEs (b01)	−0.85**	−0.59***
	Prenatal Stressful Life Events (b02)	--	−0.01
	INR (b03)	--	−0.13
	Linear Slope (b1)	−0.15*	−0.15**
	BCEs (b11)	0.006	--
	Quadratic Growth (b2)	0.005*	0.005***
	BCEs (b21)	0.0002	--
Random Effects a	Error (σ2e)	2.64	2.70
	Intercept (σ2b0)	9.69***	8.58***
	Slope (σ2b1)	0.008***	0.009***
		Model 4
		ACEs & BCEs	ACEs × BCEs Interaction
Fixed Effects	Intercept Centered at 8 Weeks (b0)	8.43	8.38
	ACEs (b01)	0.29*	0.28⸸
	BCEs (b02)	−0.55**	−0.53**
	Interaction (b03)	--	−0.03
	Linear Slope (b1)	−0.14**	−0.14**
	Quadratic Growth (b2)	0.005***	0.005***
Random Effects a	Error (σ2e)	2.65	2.65
	Intercept (σ2b0)	9.36***	9.37***
	Slope (σ2b1)	0.009***	0.009***

Notes:

^⸸p < .08

^*p < .05

^**p < .01

^***p < .001

^aIntercept and linear slope were tested as random parameters, whereas quadratic growth was tested as a fixed parameter.

^bACEs and BCEs were initially tested under intercept, linear slope, and quadratic growth. However, they were only retained in final models at levels in which they were statistically significant (e.g., intercept).