Table 1.
Summary characteristics of included primary studies
| Characteristic | kstudies =415 |
| Target group | |
| Adults | 155 (37%) |
| General medical | 94 (23%) |
| Older adults | 38 (9.2%) |
| Other target groups | 50 (12%) |
| Perinatal depression | 58 (14%) |
| Student population | 20 (4.8%) |
| Region | |
| Australia | 24 (5.8%) |
| East Asia | 42 (10%) |
| Europe | 152 (37%) |
| North America | 148 (36%) |
| Other region | 49 (12%) |
| Intervention | |
| CBT based | 285 (69%) |
| Non-CBT based | 130 (31%) |
| Format | |
| Group | 128 (31%) |
| Guided self-help | 80 (19%) |
| Individual | 147 (35%) |
| Other formats | 60 (14%) |
| Control | |
| CAU | 203 (49%) |
| Other control | 66 (16%) |
| Wait-list | 146 (35%) |
| Diagnosis | |
| Cut-off score | 187 (45%) |
| Diagnosis | 203 (49%) |
| Subclinical depression | 25 (6.0%) |
| Risk of bias | |
| High | 4 (1.0%) |
| Low | 146 (35%) |
| Some concern | 265 (64%) |
CAU, care-as-usual; CBT, cognitive–behavioural therapy.