Table 2.
Selected dietary components from proximal 24-hour recalls exhibiting differences in reported consumption between no pro-vitamin A carotenoid and pro-vitamin A carotenoid groups.
| Dietary Component (Subar et al., 2012) | Mean +/− SE No Pro-vitamin A Carotenoid (n=9) |
Mean +/− SE Pro- vitamin A Carotenoid (n=9) |
P-Value | BH-Adjusted2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy (kcal) | 2425.93 +/− 332.15 | 2189.3 +/− 117.55 | 0.931 | 0.991 |
| Fiber, total dietary (g) | 17.25 +/− 7.37 | 25.32 +/− 6.92 | 0.0291 | 0.991 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 270.31 +/− 31.86 | 277.26 +/− 20.54 | 0.8571 | 1.000 |
| Total whole and refined grains (oz. eq.) | 6.27 +/− 0.77 | 7.34 +/− 0.75 | 0.3341 | 0.991 |
| Grains defined as whole grains and contain the entire grain kernel: the bran, germ, and endosperm (oz. eq.) | 1.3 +/− 0.44 | 1.31 +/− 0.27 | 0.9931 | 1.000 |
| Vitamin A, RAE (mcg_RAE) | 713.62 +/− 131.03 | 869.52 +/− 157.59 | 0.4581 | 0.991 |
| Retinol (mcg) | 622.15 +/− 137.73 | 531.49 +/− 89.95 | 0.5901 | 1.000 |
| Carotene, beta (mcg) | 945.38 +/− 281.94 | 3689.08 +/− 1142.91 | 0.019 | 0.991 |
| Carotene, alpha (mcg) | 189.99 +/− 93.59 | 684.17 +/− 237.67 | 0.040 | 0.991 |
| Cryptoxanthin, beta (mcg) | 90.19 +/− 26.02 | 54.99 +/− 17.98 | 0.340 | 0.991 |
| Lycopene (mcg) | 3297.50 +/− 2219.02 | 9335.26 +/− 3442.22 | 0.021 | 0.991 |
| Lutein + zeaxanthin (mcg) | 958.19 +/− 123.82 | 3433.88 +/− 1487.88 | 0.161 | 0.991 |
| Other red and orange vegetables, excluding tomatoes and tomato products (cup eq.) | 0.03 +/− 0.02 | 0.16 +/− 0.06 | 0.073 | 0.812 |
| Tomatoes and tomato products (cup eq.) | 0.18 +/− 0.13 | 0.45 +/− 0.09 | 0.029 | 0.487 |
| Total red and orange vegetables (tomatoes and tomato products + other red and orange vegetables) (cup eq.) | 0.21 +/− 0.13 | 0.61 +/− 0.1 | 0.006 | 0.487 |
| Total dark green, red and orange, starchy, and other vegetables; excludes legumes (cup eq.) | 1.01 +/− 0.24 | 2.01 +/− 0.36 | 0.0391 | 0.500 |
| Other vegetables (cup eq.) | 0.18 +/− 0.07 | 0.86 +/− 0.25 | 0.017 | 0.487 |
1
P-values computed with Welch Two Sample t-test for parametric data (Shapiro-Wilk; p>0.05); All others without superscript computed with Wilcoxon rank sum test for non-parametric data (Shapiro-Wilk; p≤0.05).
2
P-values adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure.