Table 2.

Summary of effects of triclosan on female reproductive health and offspring.

TCS exposure negative effects	Females and offspring
Ovarian function	Higher doses of TCS led to ovarian oxidative damage and advanced reactive oxygen-dependent ovarian apoptosis (Guo et al., 2021). Urinary TCS concentration was also negatively correlated with sinus follicle count, negatively impacting ovarian reserve (Wang et al., 2020b).
Steroidogenesis	TCS could disorder energy metabolism and disrupt hormone homeostasis by dominating glucose flow to steroid hormone biosynthesis (Huang et al., 2020).
Reproductive hormone levels	Adult female mice exposed to TCS showed the lower serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and progesterone, and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) mRNA levels (Cao et al., 2018).
Carcinogenic effect on reproductive organs	TCS facilitated ovarian cancer growth by regulating cell cycles and apoptosis-related genes through an ER-dependent pathway (Du et al., 2021).
Impact on offspring	Exposure to TCS during pregnancy and lactation could adversely influence the reproductive function and fertility in male rats of the F1 and F2 generations (Feng et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2018c), and lead to the decline of uterine weight and the occurrence of miscarriages (Patti et al., 2021). In addition, there was a significant association between prenatal TCS exposure and allergic disease in children (Lee et al., 2017).