Table 2. Regression analysis for factors associated with PE in ED patients with COVID-19.

	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
Variables	OR	95% CI	P-value	OR	95% CI	P-value
Age per 5 years	1.08	0.96–1.21	0.20
Male sex	1.01	0.54–1.88	0.97
BMI (kg/m 2 )
<25	Reference
25–30	1.06	0.51–2.18	0.88
≥30	0.69	0.30–1.59	0.38
Chronic comorbidity
COPD	0.84	0.35–2.05	0.71
Malignant neoplasms	2.29	0.84–6.28	0.11	2.54	0.83–7.73	0.10
CCI ≥4	1.55	0.84–2.84	0.16
Vital signs
Heart rate >100 bpm	1.73	0.94–3.19	0.08	1.37	0.67–2.78	0.39
Temperature ≥38.5°C	0.56	0.27–1.16	0.12
Laboratory results
D-dimer per 1000 μg/L	1.10	1.07–1.13	<0.001	1.09	1.06–1.13	<0.001
CRP >100 mg/L	2.61	1.42–4.81	0.002	2.78	1.37–5.66	0.005
Ferritin >900 μg/L	1.66	0.91–3.02	0.10
Lactate >1.8 mmol/L	2.44	1.30–4.57	0.006	1.77	0.89–3.54	0.11

BMI, body mass index; bpm, beats per minute; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; OR, Odds ratio.

Other variables listed in Table 1 but not shown here were not associated with PE in univariate analysis.